Robert Hazell was the founder and first Director and Bob Morris is an honorary Senior Research Associate, both at the Constitution Unit, University College London.

This volume is extremely useful at providing an empirical base for further work, full of data on everything from referenda on retaining the monarchy to the per capita costs of the royal families … the book also invites further inquiry, both in extending the study beyond Europe as well as in delving into a deeper social scientific account of the variation this study has exposed.

• PART IDEFINING THE PROJECT1. Genesis of the Book Robert Hazell and Bob Morris2. Monarchy in the Constitutional Texts Robert HazellPART IIMONARCHICAL FUNCTIONS3. Constitutional Functions of the Monarchy 3.1. Introduction Robert Hazell3.2. Constitutional Functions of the Monarchy in the UK Robert Hazell3.3. The Monarch’s Constitutional Functions in Denmark Helle Krunke3.4. The King and Public Power in the Minimalist Monarchy of Sweden Henrik Wenander3.5a. Constitutional Functions in the Netherlands Rudy Andeweg3.5b. The Netherlands: From Personal Regime to Limited Role Paul Bovend’Eert3.6. Constitutional Functions in Belgium Quentin Pironnet3.7. Constitutional Functions in Norway Eivind Smith3.8. Luxembourg: Grand Duke Henri’s Refusal, in 2008, to Sign the Bill Legalising Euthanasia Luc Heuschling3.9. Spain: The Coup of February 1981 Charles Powell3.10. Conclusions Robert Hazell4. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarchy 4.1. Introduction Robert Hazell4.2a. The King and the Government in the Netherlands Paul Bovend’Eert4.2b. Political Functions of the Dutch Monarchy Rudy Andeweg4.3. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarch in Denmark Helle Krunke4.4. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarchy in the UK Robert Hazell4.5. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Norway Eivind Smith4.6. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Sweden Henrik Wenander4.7. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Belgium Quentin Pironnet4.8. Conclusions Robert Hazell5. Ceremonial Functions of Monarchy 5.1. Introduction Bob Morris5.2. Monarchies and Religion in Europe Frank Cranmer5.3. The Religious Dimension of Monarchy Ian Bradley5.4. Norway: Ceremonial Functions Eivind Smith5.5. European Royal Ceremonial Functions: Summary Bob Morris5.6. Conclusions Bob Morris6. Service and Welfare; and International Functions 6.1. Introduction Bob Morris6.2. Welfare: The Feminisation of the British Monarchy Frank Prochaska6.3. Service: How Monarchies have to be seen to be Believed Bob Morris6.4. State Visits Made and Received by the British and other European Monarchical Heads of StatePhilip Murphy6.5. State Visits Made and Received by King Juan Carlos I and King Felipe VI of Spain Charles Powell6.6. Conclusions Bob MorrisPART IIIREGULATING MONARCHY7. Regulation of the Monarchy: Regulating the Size of the Royal Family, the Line of Succession, and Royal Finances 7.1. Introduction Bob Morris7.2. Defining a Royal House: Continental Monarchy and the Netherlands Bart van Poelgeest7.3. Norway Eivind Smith7.4. Sweden Axel Calissendorff7.5. The UK Bob Morris7.6. Gender Equality and the Line of Succession Olivia Hepsworth7.7. Comparative Summary and Conclusions Bob Morris8. Constraints on the Monarchy 8.1. Introduction Robert Hazell8.2. The Royal Family’s Lack of Human Rights Robert Hazell8.3. Constraints on the Monarchy and Royal Family in Sweden Axel Calissendorff8.4. Constraints on the Monarchy and Royal Family in Norway Eivind Smith8.5. Education, Training and Career Choices of Heirs Apparent Olivia Hepsworth8.6. Conclusions Robert Hazell9. The Monarchy, Public Opinion and the Media 9.1. Introduction Robert Hazell9.2. Modern Forms of Legitimisation of the Monarchy Helle Krunke9.3. Polls and Public Opinion Roger Mortimore9.4. The Legitimacy of the Swedish Monarchy: The Different Perceptions of Parliamentarians, Journalists and the People Lennart Nilsson9.5. The Monarchy, ‘Popularity’, Legitimacy and the Media Jean Seaton9.6. Conclusions Robert HazellPART IVCONCLUSIONS10. Towards a New Theory of European Monarchy Robert Hazell and Bob Morris

Robert Hazell was the founder and first Director and Bob Morris is an honorary Senior Research Associate, both at the Constitution Unit, University College London.

This volume is extremely useful at providing an empirical base for further work, full of data on everything from referenda on retaining the monarchy to the per capita costs of the royal families … the book also invites further inquiry, both in extending the study beyond Europe as well as in delving into a deeper social scientific account of the variation this study has exposed.

• PART IDEFINING THE PROJECT1. Genesis of the Book Robert Hazell and Bob Morris2. Monarchy in the Constitutional Texts Robert HazellPART IIMONARCHICAL FUNCTIONS3. Constitutional Functions of the Monarchy 3.1. Introduction Robert Hazell3.2. Constitutional Functions of the Monarchy in the UK Robert Hazell3.3. The Monarch’s Constitutional Functions in Denmark Helle Krunke3.4. The King and Public Power in the Minimalist Monarchy of Sweden Henrik Wenander3.5a. Constitutional Functions in the Netherlands Rudy Andeweg3.5b. The Netherlands: From Personal Regime to Limited Role Paul Bovend’Eert3.6. Constitutional Functions in Belgium Quentin Pironnet3.7. Constitutional Functions in Norway Eivind Smith3.8. Luxembourg: Grand Duke Henri’s Refusal, in 2008, to Sign the Bill Legalising Euthanasia Luc Heuschling3.9. Spain: The Coup of February 1981 Charles Powell3.10. Conclusions Robert Hazell4. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarchy 4.1. Introduction Robert Hazell4.2a. The King and the Government in the Netherlands Paul Bovend’Eert4.2b. Political Functions of the Dutch Monarchy Rudy Andeweg4.3. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarch in Denmark Helle Krunke4.4. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarchy in the UK Robert Hazell4.5. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Norway Eivind Smith4.6. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Sweden Henrik Wenander4.7. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Belgium Quentin Pironnet4.8. Conclusions Robert Hazell5. Ceremonial Functions of Monarchy 5.1. Introduction Bob Morris5.2. Monarchies and Religion in Europe Frank Cranmer5.3. The Religious Dimension of Monarchy Ian Bradley5.4. Norway: Ceremonial Functions Eivind Smith5.5. European Royal Ceremonial Functions: Summary Bob Morris5.6. Conclusions Bob Morris6. Service and Welfare; and International Functions 6.1. Introduction Bob Morris6.2. Welfare: The Feminisation of the British Monarchy Frank Prochaska6.3. Service: How Monarchies have to be seen to be Believed Bob Morris6.4. State Visits Made and Received by the British and other European Monarchical Heads of StatePhilip Murphy6.5. State Visits Made and Received by King Juan Carlos I and King Felipe VI of Spain Charles Powell6.6. Conclusions Bob MorrisPART IIIREGULATING MONARCHY7. Regulation of the Monarchy: Regulating the Size of the Royal Family, the Line of Succession, and Royal Finances 7.1. Introduction Bob Morris7.2. Defining a Royal House: Continental Monarchy and the Netherlands Bart van Poelgeest7.3. Norway Eivind Smith7.4. Sweden Axel Calissendorff7.5. The UK Bob Morris7.6. Gender Equality and the Line of Succession Olivia Hepsworth7.7. Comparative Summary and Conclusions Bob Morris8. Constraints on the Monarchy 8.1. Introduction Robert Hazell8.2. The Royal Family’s Lack of Human Rights Robert Hazell8.3. Constraints on the Monarchy and Royal Family in Sweden Axel Calissendorff8.4. Constraints on the Monarchy and Royal Family in Norway Eivind Smith8.5. Education, Training and Career Choices of Heirs Apparent Olivia Hepsworth8.6. Conclusions Robert Hazell9. The Monarchy, Public Opinion and the Media 9.1. Introduction Robert Hazell9.2. Modern Forms of Legitimisation of the Monarchy Helle Krunke9.3. Polls and Public Opinion Roger Mortimore9.4. The Legitimacy of the Swedish Monarchy: The Different Perceptions of Parliamentarians, Journalists and the People Lennart Nilsson9.5. The Monarchy, ‘Popularity’, Legitimacy and the Media Jean Seaton9.6. Conclusions Robert HazellPART IVCONCLUSIONS10. Towards a New Theory of European Monarchy Robert Hazell and Bob Morris

Robert Hazell was the founder and first Director and Bob Morris is an honorary Senior Research Associate, both at the Constitution Unit, University College London.

This volume is extremely useful at providing an empirical base for further work, full of data on everything from referenda on retaining the monarchy to the per capita costs of the royal families … the book also invites further inquiry, both in extending the study beyond Europe as well as in delving into a deeper social scientific account of the variation this study has exposed.

• PART IDEFINING THE PROJECT1. Genesis of the Book Robert Hazell and Bob Morris2. Monarchy in the Constitutional Texts Robert HazellPART IIMONARCHICAL FUNCTIONS3. Constitutional Functions of the Monarchy 3.1. Introduction Robert Hazell3.2. Constitutional Functions of the Monarchy in the UK Robert Hazell3.3. The Monarch’s Constitutional Functions in Denmark Helle Krunke3.4. The King and Public Power in the Minimalist Monarchy of Sweden Henrik Wenander3.5a. Constitutional Functions in the Netherlands Rudy Andeweg3.5b. The Netherlands: From Personal Regime to Limited Role Paul Bovend’Eert3.6. Constitutional Functions in Belgium Quentin Pironnet3.7. Constitutional Functions in Norway Eivind Smith3.8. Luxembourg: Grand Duke Henri’s Refusal, in 2008, to Sign the Bill Legalising Euthanasia Luc Heuschling3.9. Spain: The Coup of February 1981 Charles Powell3.10. Conclusions Robert Hazell4. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarchy 4.1. Introduction Robert Hazell4.2a. The King and the Government in the Netherlands Paul Bovend’Eert4.2b. Political Functions of the Dutch Monarchy Rudy Andeweg4.3. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarch in Denmark Helle Krunke4.4. Day-to-Day Political Functions of the Monarchy in the UK Robert Hazell4.5. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Norway Eivind Smith4.6. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Sweden Henrik Wenander4.7. Political Functions of the Monarchy in Belgium Quentin Pironnet4.8. Conclusions Robert Hazell5. Ceremonial Functions of Monarchy 5.1. Introduction Bob Morris5.2. Monarchies and Religion in Europe Frank Cranmer5.3. The Religious Dimension of Monarchy Ian Bradley5.4. Norway: Ceremonial Functions Eivind Smith5.5. European Royal Ceremonial Functions: Summary Bob Morris5.6. Conclusions Bob Morris6. Service and Welfare; and International Functions 6.1. Introduction Bob Morris6.2. Welfare: The Feminisation of the British Monarchy Frank Prochaska6.3. Service: How Monarchies have to be seen to be Believed Bob Morris6.4. State Visits Made and Received by the British and other European Monarchical Heads of StatePhilip Murphy6.5. State Visits Made and Received by King Juan Carlos I and King Felipe VI of Spain Charles Powell6.6. Conclusions Bob MorrisPART IIIREGULATING MONARCHY7. Regulation of the Monarchy: Regulating the Size of the Royal Family, the Line of Succession, and Royal Finances 7.1. Introduction Bob Morris7.2. Defining a Royal House: Continental Monarchy and the Netherlands Bart van Poelgeest7.3. Norway Eivind Smith7.4. Sweden Axel Calissendorff7.5. The UK Bob Morris7.6. Gender Equality and the Line of Succession Olivia Hepsworth7.7. Comparative Summary and Conclusions Bob Morris8. Constraints on the Monarchy 8.1. Introduction Robert Hazell8.2. The Royal Family’s Lack of Human Rights Robert Hazell8.3. Constraints on the Monarchy and Royal Family in Sweden Axel Calissendorff8.4. Constraints on the Monarchy and Royal Family in Norway Eivind Smith8.5. Education, Training and Career Choices of Heirs Apparent Olivia Hepsworth8.6. Conclusions Robert Hazell9. The Monarchy, Public Opinion and the Media 9.1. Introduction Robert Hazell9.2. Modern Forms of Legitimisation of the Monarchy Helle Krunke9.3. Polls and Public Opinion Roger Mortimore9.4. The Legitimacy of the Swedish Monarchy: The Different Perceptions of Parliamentarians, Journalists and the People Lennart Nilsson9.5. The Monarchy, ‘Popularity’, Legitimacy and the Media Jean Seaton9.6. Conclusions Robert HazellPART IVCONCLUSIONS10. Towards a New Theory of European Monarchy Robert Hazell and Bob Morris