Francesco Borromini was one of the most notable architects of the 17th century, and though he fell into disfavor by the end of the following century, today he is classified as one of the most innovative architects in history. Although Borromini enjoyed a highly successful career, he was already subjected to intense criticism during his lifetime. Criticism continued well after Borromini’s death, when the most often used word to assess his work was bizarre. Critics begrudged the fact that, in their view, Borromini ignored the traditional rules of architecture that had been established by the ancients and revived during the Renaissance era. They did not recognize that Borromini was indeed an avid student of both ancient and Renaissance architecture, and that he often borrowed elements from these two eras but then applied them to his structures in new and inventive ways. It was not until art historians began assessing Borromini’s architecture in a sober and nonjudgmental manner in the late 19th century that he was finally given his proper place in the history of architecture. Historical Dictionary of Francesco Borromini assesses Borromini’s individual commissions following the proper scholarly methodology, as well as his biographical details, artistic development, relationship with his protectors and patrons, and external circumstances that might have determined his artistic output.
