HOSSEIN G. ASKARI is Aryamehr Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. He is the author or coauthor of 15 earlier books and monographs, including Economic Sanctions: Examining Their Philosophy and Efficacy (Praeger, 2003), coauthored with Forrer, Teegen, and Yang.JOHN FORRER is Director of the Institute for Global Management and Research at The George Washington University. He has consulted extensively on international energy and environmental issues.HILDY TEEGEN is Associate Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. She has written extensively on international negotiations and business partnerships and Latin American economic affairs.JIAWEN YANG is Assistant Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on exchange rate pass-through, international capital flows, and the financial crises in Latin America and Asia.

• List of IllustrationsIntroductionU.S. Economic Sanctions against ChinaU.S. Economic Sanctions against CubaU.S. Economic Sanctions against IranCosts and Benefits of Sanctions: A Contingency PerspectiveAppendix 2.1China's Economic Record, 1961-2000Appendix 2.2Selected U.S. Sanctions against China Since 1949Appendix 2.3U.S. Commerce Control List: Country GroupsAppendix 2.4Defense Trade Controls: United States Munitions List CategoriesAppendix 2.5Defense Trade Controls: Embargo Reference ChartAppendix 2.6U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Country Detail for Capital Outflows, 2001Appendix 2.7U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2000Appendix 3.1Cuba's Composition of Trade, 1993-98Appendix 3.2Cuba's Exports by Country of Destination, 1993-98Appendix 3.3Cuba's Imports by Sending Country, 1993-98Appendix 4.1Iran's Non-oil Exports by Country Destination, 1973/74-1998/99Appendix 4.2Iran's Exports by Leading Destinations, 1975-98Appendix 4.3Iran's Imports from Leading Sources, 1975-98Appendix 4.4Value of Iran's Imports, 1980/81-1998/99References

HOSSEIN G. ASKARI is Aryamehr Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. He is the author or coauthor of 15 earlier books and monographs, including Economic Sanctions: Examining Their Philosophy and Efficacy (Praeger, 2003), coauthored with Forrer, Teegen, and Yang.JOHN FORRER is Director of the Institute for Global Management and Research at The George Washington University. He has consulted extensively on international energy and environmental issues.HILDY TEEGEN is Associate Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. She has written extensively on international negotiations and business partnerships and Latin American economic affairs.JIAWEN YANG is Assistant Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on exchange rate pass-through, international capital flows, and the financial crises in Latin America and Asia.

• List of IllustrationsIntroductionU.S. Economic Sanctions against ChinaU.S. Economic Sanctions against CubaU.S. Economic Sanctions against IranCosts and Benefits of Sanctions: A Contingency PerspectiveAppendix 2.1China's Economic Record, 1961-2000Appendix 2.2Selected U.S. Sanctions against China Since 1949Appendix 2.3U.S. Commerce Control List: Country GroupsAppendix 2.4Defense Trade Controls: United States Munitions List CategoriesAppendix 2.5Defense Trade Controls: Embargo Reference ChartAppendix 2.6U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Country Detail for Capital Outflows, 2001Appendix 2.7U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2000Appendix 3.1Cuba's Composition of Trade, 1993-98Appendix 3.2Cuba's Exports by Country of Destination, 1993-98Appendix 3.3Cuba's Imports by Sending Country, 1993-98Appendix 4.1Iran's Non-oil Exports by Country Destination, 1973/74-1998/99Appendix 4.2Iran's Exports by Leading Destinations, 1975-98Appendix 4.3Iran's Imports from Leading Sources, 1975-98Appendix 4.4Value of Iran's Imports, 1980/81-1998/99References

HOSSEIN G. ASKARI is Aryamehr Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. He is the author or coauthor of 15 earlier books and monographs, including Economic Sanctions: Examining Their Philosophy and Efficacy (Praeger, 2003), coauthored with Forrer, Teegen, and Yang.JOHN FORRER is Director of the Institute for Global Management and Research at The George Washington University. He has consulted extensively on international energy and environmental issues.HILDY TEEGEN is Associate Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. She has written extensively on international negotiations and business partnerships and Latin American economic affairs.JIAWEN YANG is Assistant Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on exchange rate pass-through, international capital flows, and the financial crises in Latin America and Asia.

• List of IllustrationsIntroductionU.S. Economic Sanctions against ChinaU.S. Economic Sanctions against CubaU.S. Economic Sanctions against IranCosts and Benefits of Sanctions: A Contingency PerspectiveAppendix 2.1China's Economic Record, 1961-2000Appendix 2.2Selected U.S. Sanctions against China Since 1949Appendix 2.3U.S. Commerce Control List: Country GroupsAppendix 2.4Defense Trade Controls: United States Munitions List CategoriesAppendix 2.5Defense Trade Controls: Embargo Reference ChartAppendix 2.6U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Country Detail for Capital Outflows, 2001Appendix 2.7U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis, 2000Appendix 3.1Cuba's Composition of Trade, 1993-98Appendix 3.2Cuba's Exports by Country of Destination, 1993-98Appendix 3.3Cuba's Imports by Sending Country, 1993-98Appendix 4.1Iran's Non-oil Exports by Country Destination, 1973/74-1998/99Appendix 4.2Iran's Exports by Leading Destinations, 1975-98Appendix 4.3Iran's Imports from Leading Sources, 1975-98Appendix 4.4Value of Iran's Imports, 1980/81-1998/99References