Statistical Methods and Reasoning for the Clinical Sciences

Eiki Satake, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mathematics/Statistics, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Emerson College.

"The material is presented in the best style and depth, and is written in the most clear, explanatory way that I have ever seen in 30 years in this field. Dr. Satake provides the first truly excellent text in the area. Bravo!" -Amir Aczel, PhD, Research Fellow at the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science; "The book is designed primarily for readers without a statistical background who would like to grasp the important aspects of statistics required for the appropriate interpretation of medical literature. The author has contributed to many statistics books... Each chapter ends with multiple-choice questions which serve as feedback and reinforcement. Some statistical processes, such as the organization of data into graphs and the calculation of simple statistical measures, etc., are explained in a stepwise fashion which is very helpful for beginners. This is an excellent resource for the proper understanding and interpretation of basic statistical concepts used in the medical literature from the perspective of evidence-based practice." -- Pooja Sethi, MD, Doody's Review Service

• 1 What Is Statistics? Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 2 Organizing and Graphing Data 3 Descriptive Methods: Measures of Central Tendency and Variability 4 Foundation of Standard Normal Distribution: Describing Individual Scores 5 Measuring the Strength of Association and Making Predictions: Correlation and Regression Part 1. Measuring Relationships: Correlation 6 Measuring the Strength of Association and Making Predictions: Correlation and Regression Part 2. Making Predictions: Regression 7 The Standard Normal Distribution 8 Probability 9 Hypothesis Testing: One Sample Case for the Mean 10 Hypothesis Testing: Two Sample Cases for the Mean 11 Making Inferences about Population Proportions 12 Estimating Population Parameters 13 Analysis of Variance: One-Way 14 Categorical Analysis: Chi-Square Tests 15 Not the Most Widely Used Methods but Important to Know for Determining "Practical and Personal Significance" 16 Useful Research Designs for Clinical Studies: Fundamental Concepts,Foundations, and Procedures Appendix A. Review of Basic Mathematics Appendix B. Some Statistical Applications and Questions (Adapted from Literature): Several Case Studies Appendix C. Calculation of the Power of a Statistical Test Appendix D. Evidence-Based Medicine: Calculations of Various Probabilities with Nomogram Appendix E. Measures of Disorder/Disease Occurrence Appendix F. Flowchart for Classical Statistics versus Bayesian Statistical Approach in Hypothesis Testing Appendix G. Sampling Techniques Appendix H. Writing a Proposal of ASHA Convention Paper Appendix I. The Fisher's p-Value Method for Hypothesis Testing(aka Combined Method) Appendix J. Single-Subject Designs Appendix K. Area Under the Standard Normal Curve for Values of z Appendix L. Standard Scores Corresponding to Percentile from 0.5000 to 0.9995 Appendix M. Critical Values of the t-Distribution Appendix N. The F Distribution Values of F0.05, F0.025, and F0.01 Appendix O. Critical Values of Q Appendix P. The Chi-Square Distribution Appendix Q. Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for n = 5 to 50 Appendix R. Critical Values for a Mann-Whitney U-Test Appendix S. Statistical Inference: A Bayesian Perspective