Ewa Czerwinska-Schupp is a senior lecturer of philosophy at Poznan University. Her scientific research focuses on the social and political philosophy of the 20th century and the history of Marxism. She has published various treatises on Austromarxism, including Otto Bauer.

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• List of FiguresIntroduction to the English EditionPreface by Prof. Norbert LeserAcknowledgements1. Otto Bauer and His Time2. The Materialist View of History2.1. Scientistic Marxism2.2. Historiosophical Reflections2.3. Marxism and Ethics3. A Contribution to the Theory of Imperialism3.1. Imperialism as a Necessary Stage of Capitalism3.2. The Socio-Political Context of Bauer’s Observations on Imperialism3.3. The Question of Crises in the Capitalist Economy3.3.1. Conjunctural crisis and the theory of overcoming crises3.3.2. Structural crisis and ways of overcoming it3.3.3. Rationalisation crisis3.4. Socialism and the Theory of ‘Organised Capitalism’4. The National Question4.1. The Nation and National Culture4.1.1. The essence of the national character4.1.2. The peculiar quality of national consciousness4.1.3. Thinking in the categories of national values4.1.4. Cultural and natural community4.1.5. The determinants of modern nation-forming4.1.6. The nation as a real community of culture in a future state4.2. The Nationalities Question in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy4.2.1. Social Democracy and the national question4.2.2. Bauer’s position to the so-called nationalities question4.2.2.1. Position on national conflicts4.2.2.2. The programme of national-cultural autonomy4.2.2.3. Remarks on national assimilation4.2.3. The programme of the left and the demise of the monarchy5. The ‘Third Way’ to Socialism5.1. The Vision of Peaceful Revolution and Its Implementation5.1.1. Parliamentarism and the revolution5.1.2. Practice in the service of theory5.2. The Theory of Social Upheaval During the Post-Revolutionary Period5.2.1. The Programme of Linz5.2.2. ‘Integral Socialism’5.3. The Question of Revolutionary Allies for the Working Class5.3.1. The socialisation programme5.3.2. The agrarian programme5.4. The Gradual Development of Attitudes to Revolution and Bolshevik Practice5.4.1. The doctrinaire perspective: Chances of socialist revolution in Russia5.4.2. A doctrinaire-pragmatic perspective: The New Economic Policy5.4.3. A pragmatic perspective: Stalinism6. State, Democracy, Socialism6.1. The State as ‘Balance’ of Class Power6.2. Parliamentary and Social Democracy6.3. Democratic Socialism6.4. Coalition Work7. The War Question in Bauer’s Thought in Light of SDAP and LSI Policies7.1. The SDAP Position until the Outbreak of World War I7.2. Bauer’s Opposition to the SDAP Position on World War I7.3. Bauer on a Future Armed World Conflict: Fears, Hopes, and Plans8. The Spectre of Fascism8.1. Harbingers of Fascism8.2. Bauer’s Theory of Fascism8.2.1. Fascism theory based on the notion of Bonapartism8.2.2. Austrofascism as a special sub-variety of fascism8.2.3. The theory of fascism as imperialism8.3. The Anti-Fascist Uprising of Austrian Workers8.4. Austrian Social Democracy and the Triumph of Fascism8.4.1. Austrian Social Democracy’s relationship to strategic and tactical concepts of the workers’ movement during the period of fascist reaction8.4.2. Oppositional activity of the Social-Democratic movement at home and in exile after the SDAP banClosing remarksReferencesIndex