Fundamentals of AAC

Nerissa Hall, PhD, CCC-SLP, ATP, is co-founder of Communicare, LLC, a company that specializes in augmentative and alternative communication, assistive technology, telepractice, and tele-AAC working primarily with school-aged individuals, providing specialized, evidence-based intervention, assessment and consultation services.****Jenifer Juengling-Sudkamp, PhD, CCC-SLP, is a speech-language pathologist at the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System/VA and adjunct professor in the Department of Orthopaedics at Tulane University School of Medicine.****Michelle L. Gutmann, PhD, CCC-SLP, is a clinical professor at Purdue University Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, where she teaches a variety of graduate courses including AAC, Counseling in Communication Disorders, and Motor Speech Disorders.****Ellen R. Cohn, PhD, CCC-SLP, ASHA-F, is a professor in the Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh. She teaches courses in cleft palate/craniofacial disorders, professional issues, culture, diversity and healthcare, and rhetoric and communication.

• PrefaceAcknowledgments About the EditorsContributorsReviewersSection I. AAC System FundamentalsChapter 1. A Co-Constructed Description of AACNerissa Hall, Hillary K. Jellison, Maria Burke, William Burke, Craig Burke, and Julia SerraIntroduction Fundamentals A Change in Focus A Co-Constructed Understanding of AAC In Conclusion Case Study: WBClinical Profile and Communication Needs The AAC SystemNext Steps ReferencesChapter 2. No-Tech AAC Amal M. MaghazilFundamentals Unaided AACAided AAC In Conclusion Case Study: PG Clinical Profile and Communication NeedsNext StepsReferencesChapter 3. Mid- and High-Tech AACElena M. FaderFundamentals Mid-Tech AAC High-Tech AAC Communicative Purpose In Conclusion Case Study: RAClinical Profile and Communication NeedsNext Steps ReferencesChapter 4. Mobile AACOliver WendtFundamentals Introduction: What Are Mobile Technologies? The Mobile Technology Revolution in AAC Principles in Mobile Technology Application DesignResearch Evidence and Funding Issues Related to Mobile TechnologyCase Study: LM Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The AAC System or Service Next Steps References Chapter 5. Physical Access Features of AACKathryn D'Agostino RussoFundamentals What Is Alternate Access and Who Is It for? Types of Alternate Access Assessment for Alternate Access Multimodal and Low-Tech Access for Communication Considering Multiple Methods of Access Access and Mobile Tablets Learning Language and Access Skills In Conclusion Case Study: JB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The AAC System or Service Next Steps References Essay 1. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Future of AAC Mai Ling ChanReferencesSection II. AAC Language FundamentalsEssay 2. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Culture and Social and EconomicDeterminants of Health and the Use of AACEllen R. Cohn and Mario C. BrowneWhat Are Social Determinants of Health?Scenario 1: A Family Suffering From Societal and Economic Stressors Scenario 2: A Family With Superior Resources Digital Resources and Social Determinants of Health References Chapter 6. Cultural and Linguistic Responsivity in AACGloria Soto and Marika KingFundamentals Consequences of Subtractive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users Building Additive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Assessment Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Intervention Case Study: JR Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Next Steps References Chapter 7. Language and Vocabulary Features of AAC Brittney Cooper, MariaTeresa "Teri" H. Munoz, and Gloria SotoFundamentals General ConsiderationsVocabulary Selection Frameworks Types of Vocabulary Vocabulary Selection Tools In Conclusion Case Study: AN Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Next Steps References Essay 3. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Models of Culture Ellen R. Cohn and John W. GareisEdward T. Hall's Cultural Iceberg Model Purnell's Model for Cultural Competence Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Model Conclusion References Essay 4. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to African AmericanCulture-Cultural Values and Communicating RespectPaula K. DavisReferences Essay 5. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Hispanic Culture --Cultural Values and Communicating RespectGlen M. TellisCultural Values and Communicating Respect Respect for Authority Cultural Values and Other Aspects ReferencesEssay 6. Cultural Considerations and AAC: LGBTQIA+ Affirmative Practice: Empowering Our Queer Clients and FamiliesGazit Chaya NkosiVocabulary and Definitions References Essay 7. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Self-Evaluation of Cultural CompetenceDorian Lee-Wilkerson and Shelly ChabonReferencesEssay 8. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Religious ConsiderationsJohn W. GareisDiet Prescription Medication Medical Procedures Conclusion References Essay 9. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Faith-Based Vocabularyfor Protestant Christian Users of AACJohn W. GareisEssay 10. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for JewishUsers of AACKaren J. Golding-KushnerHow the Deity Is Referred To Titles of Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures Things We Read and Write Ritual Objects and Related Things What We Do and Say Holidays and Celebrations Praying: Key Prayers, Blessings, and Names of Services Where We Go: Houses of Worship, Study, and Gathering FamilyLife-Span Topics Food Who We Are Guidance on Use of This Vocabulary Reference Essay 11. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for Muslim Users of AACAmal M. MaghazilGuidance on Use of This Vocabulary Deity/God Religious Texts Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures Houses of Worship Ritual Objects/Related Things Actions Greetings/Sayings Holidays and Celebrations Prayers and Names of Services Family Life-Span Topics Food Who We Are References Section III. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation forInfants, Toddlers, and School-Aged IndividualsEssay 12. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Framework for Ethical Communication and PracticePaula LeslieReferences Essay 13. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Consumer's PerspectiveChris Klein and Katya HillChapter 8. Assessing Toddlers and Preschoolers Meher BanajeeFundamentals General Principles of Assessment of Toddlers and Preschoolers Preparation for the Assessment Assessment Case Study: RC Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next Steps References Chapter 9. Intervention and Implementation for Toddlers and Preschoolers Using AACBarbara WeberFundamentals Case Study: IB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The AAC System Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next StepsReferences Chapter 10. Assessing School-Aged Individuals Sarah GregoryFundamentals Case Study: RJ Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The AAC System or Service Considerations AAC Considerations Next Steps ReferencesChapter 11. Intervention and Implementation for School-Aged Individuals Using AACAmanda SoperFundamentals Intervention Across the Five Domains of Language Intervention Across AAC Competencies Innovation/Modifications to Existing Language Therapy Tools Descriptive Teaching Method Support and Teaching Strategies Case Study: JV Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Ongoing Assessment Intervention Strategies and Implementation Supports References Essay 14. Clinical Considerations and AAC:AAC and Literacy Lesley QuinnReference Chapter 12. Data Collection and Goal Writing in AAC Kate Grandbois and Amy WonkkaFundamentals Goal Writing Case Study: SB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The Data Collection System The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next Steps References Essay 15. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Visual Support for AACAmy Wonkka and Kate GrandboisChapter 13. AAC for the Child in End-of-Life CareRachel SantiagoFundamentals The Care Team at End-of-Life Communication Planning Common Needs and Symptoms Children May Experience at End-of-Life AAC Considerations at End-Of-Life Conclusion Case Study: GM Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps ReferencesSection IV. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation for AdultsChapter 14. Services for Young Adults Using AAC Transitioning to Adulthood Diane Nelson BryenFundamentals Prologue New and Emerging Communication Technologies AAC and the Importance of Transition Case Study: CK Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 15. Assessing AdultsJeffrey K. Riley, Lois Turner, and Stacey HarpellFundamentals Communication Assessment and Action Plan Final Report Case Study: GB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The Assessment Next Steps References Essay 16. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Ethical Vendor RelationshipsKatya HillReferencesChapter 16. Intervention and Implementation for Adults With Neurodegenerative Disorders Using AACCatherine Kanter, Emily Kornman, and Annette M. StoneFundamentals Education and Counseling Preservation Augmentation Adaptation Final Thoughts Case Study: SH Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC System or Service Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 17. AAC for the Individual in the Intensive Care Unit Richard R. Hurtig and Tami AltschulerFundamentals Introduction: Communication Risks and Barriers Including Health Disparities, Diversity, and InclusionSpecial Considerations for the Intensive Care Unit Patient Care Standards Communication Partner Training and Interprofessional Practice Life-Sustaining Decision-Making and End-of-Life Communication Best Practices Models Conclusion Case Study: EG Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 18. AAC for Adults in End-of-Life CareAmanda SteadFundamentals Communication Difficulties at End-of-Life How AAC Can Support Communication, Socialization, and Decision-Making Case Study: KM Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The AAC System or Service Next Steps References Section V. AAC for Persons With Developmental DisabilitiesAccess and Mobile Tablets Learning Language and Access Skills In Conclusion Case Study: JB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The AAC System or Service Next Steps References Essay 1. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Future of AAC Mai Ling ChanReferencesSection II. AAC Language FundamentalsEssay 2. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Culture and Social and EconomicDeterminants of Health and the Use of AACEllen R. Cohn and Mario C. BrowneWhat Are Social Determinants of Health?Scenario 1: A Family Suffering From Societal and Economic Stressors Scenario 2: A Family With Superior Resources Digital Resources and Social Determinants of Health References Chapter 6. Cultural and Linguistic Responsivity in AACGloria Soto and Marika KingFundamentals Consequences of Subtractive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users Building Additive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Assessment Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Intervention Case Study: JR Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Next Steps References Chapter 7. Language and Vocabulary Features of AAC Brittney Cooper, MariaTeresa "Teri" H. Munoz, and Gloria SotoFundamentals General ConsiderationsVocabulary Selection Frameworks Types of Vocabulary Vocabulary Selection Tools In Conclusion Case Study: AN Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Next Steps References Essay 3. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Models of Culture Ellen R. Cohn and John W. GareisEdward T. Hall's Cultural Iceberg Model Purnell's Model for Cultural Competence Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Model Conclusion References Essay 4. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to African AmericanCulture-Cultural Values and Communicating RespectPaula K. DavisReferences Essay 5. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Hispanic Culture --Cultural Values and Communicating RespectGlen M. TellisCultural Values and Communicating Respect Respect for Authority Cultural Values and Other Aspects ReferencesEssay 6. Cultural Considerations and AAC: LGBTQIA+ Affirmative Practice: Empowering Our Queer Clients and FamiliesGazit Chaya NkosiVocabulary and Definitions References Essay 7. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Self-Evaluation of Cultural CompetenceDorian Lee-Wilkerson and Shelly ChabonReferencesEssay 8. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Religious ConsiderationsJohn W. GareisDiet Prescription Medication Medical Procedures Conclusion References Essay 9. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Faith-Based Vocabularyfor Protestant Christian Users of AACJohn W. GareisEssay 10. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for JewishUsers of AACKaren J. Golding-KushnerHow the Deity Is Referred To Titles of Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures Things We Read and Write Ritual Objects and Related Things What We Do and Say Holidays and Celebrations Praying: Key Prayers, Blessings, and Names of Services Where We Go: Houses of Worship, Study, and Gathering FamilyLife-Span Topics Food Who We Are Guidance on Use of This Vocabulary Reference Essay 11. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for Muslim Users of AACAmal M. MaghazilGuidance on Use of This Vocabulary Deity/God Religious Texts Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures Houses of Worship Ritual Objects/Related Things Actions Greetings/Sayings Holidays and Celebrations Prayers and Names of Services Family Life-Span Topics Food Who We Are References Section III. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation forInfants, Toddlers, and School-Aged IndividualsEssay 12. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Framework for Ethical Communication and PracticePaula LeslieReferences Essay 13. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Consumer's PerspectiveChris Klein and Katya HillChapter 8. Assessing Toddlers and Preschoolers Meher BanajeeFundamentals General Principles of Assessment of Toddlers and Preschoolers Preparation for the Assessment Assessment Case Study: RC Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next Steps References Chapter 9. Intervention and Implementation for Toddlers and Preschoolers Using AACBarbara WeberFundamentals Case Study: IB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The AAC System Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next StepsReferences Chapter 10. Assessing School-Aged Individuals Sarah GregoryFundamentals Case Study: RJ Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The AAC System or Service Considerations AAC Considerations Next Steps ReferencesChapter 11. Intervention and Implementation for School-Aged Individuals Using AACAmanda SoperFundamentals Intervention Across the Five Domains of Language Intervention Across AAC Competencies Innovation/Modifications to Existing Language Therapy Tools Descriptive Teaching Method Support and Teaching Strategies Case Study: JV Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Ongoing Assessment Intervention Strategies and Implementation Supports References Essay 14. Clinical Considerations and AAC:AAC and Literacy Lesley QuinnReference Chapter 12. Data Collection and Goal Writing in AAC Kate Grandbois and Amy WonkkaFundamentals Goal Writing Case Study: SB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The Data Collection System The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next Steps References Essay 15. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Visual Support for AACAmy Wonkka and Kate GrandboisChapter 13. AAC for the Child in End-of-Life CareRachel SantiagoFundamentals The Care Team at End-of-Life Communication Planning Common Needs and Symptoms Children May Experience at End-of-Life AAC Considerations at End-Of-Life Conclusion Case Study: GM Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps ReferencesSection IV. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation for AdultsChapter 14. Services for Young Adults Using AAC Transitioning to Adulthood Diane Nelson BryenFundamentals Prologue New and Emerging Communication Technologies AAC and the Importance of Transition Case Study: CK Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 15. Assessing AdultsJeffrey K. Riley, Lois Turner, and Stacey HarpellFundamentals Communication Assessment and Action Plan Final Report Case Study: GB Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The Assessment Next Steps References Essay 16. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Ethical Vendor RelationshipsKatya HillReferencesChapter 16. Intervention and Implementation for Adults With Neurodegenerative Disorders Using AACCatherine Kanter, Emily Kornman, and Annette M. StoneFundamentals Education and Counseling Preservation Augmentation Adaptation Final Thoughts Case Study: SH Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC System or Service Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 17. AAC for the Individual in the Intensive Care Unit Richard R. Hurtig and Tami AltschulerFundamentals Introduction: Communication Risks and Barriers Including Health Disparities, Diversity, and InclusionSpecial Considerations for the Intensive Care Unit Patient Care Standards Communication Partner Training and Interprofessional Practice Life-Sustaining Decision-Making and End-of-Life Communication Best Practices Models Conclusion Case Study: EG Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 18. AAC for Adults in End-of-Life CareAmanda SteadFundamentals Communication Difficulties at End-of-Life How AAC Can Support Communication, Socialization, and Decision-Making Case Study: KM Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The AAC System or Service Next Steps References Section V. AAC for Persons With Developmental DisabilitiesEssay 17. Clinical Considerations and AAC: A Parent's Perspective Danielle A. WagonerLanguage Include Support Team Encourage Normalize Always L.I.S.T.E.N. Chapter 19. AAC for Persons With Developmental Disabilities Jeeva JohnThe Fundamentals Challenging Behaviors and the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists AAC Evolves Across Their Life Span Establish "Buy-in" and Prepare for the Communication JourneyAssessment and Selecting a Tool Investigative Intervention Designing a Meaningful Communication SystemConsultation Services Case Study: KC Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 20. AAC for Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder Tanushree Saxena-Chandhok, Deborah Xinyi Yong, and Sarah Miriam Yong Oi TsunFundamentals SETT Framework Communicative Competence AAC Intervention Strategies The Role of the Caregiver in AAC Intervention Case Study: EL Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 21. AAC for Persons With Cerebral Palsy Katya HillFundamentals AAC Strategies and Technology AAC AssessmentIntervention Case Study: PL Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC System and Service Considerations Next Steps References Essay 18. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Other "A" for "Augmentative" Rebecca M. LavelleChapter 22. AAC for Persons With Specific Sensory Impairments Lesley Quinn and Hillary K. JellisonFundamentals Dual Sensory Impairment Cortical Visual ImpairmentAAC and Sensory Impairments Case Study: HS Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 23. AAC for Individuals With Sensory Integration Challenges Sarah Gregory and Elisa WernFundamentals Competencies Versus Sensory Integration Areas Considerations for the Trial Process Instructional Strategies Case Study: ES Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The AAC System or Service Next StepsReferences Chapter 24. AAC for Persons With Complex Trauma Lesley QuinnFundamentals Case Study: PW Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Section VI. AAC for Persons With Acquired Disabilities Essay 19. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Critical Health Situations, Informed Consent, and the Importance of Appropriate AACPaula LeslieReferences Chapter 25. AAC for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury Lindsay R. James Riegler and Laura P. KlugFundamentals Review of Cognitive-Communication Deficits in TBI AAC Versus Assistive Technology Versus Information and Communication Technologies Augmentative and Alternative Communication Assistive Technology Information and Communication Technologies Special ConsiderationsCase Study: TH Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 26. AAC for Persons With Motor Speech Disorders Mary AndrianopoulosFundamentals Case Study: RL Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 27. AAC for Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Telina CaudillFundamentals Communication Symptoms Dysarthria Voice Disorder Cognitive-Communication Dysphagia Communication Needs Intervention Phases Phase 1: Monitor, Prepare, and Support Phase 2: Assess, Recommend, and Implement Phase 3: Adapt and Accommodate Case Study: RP Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC System or Service Considerations The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next Steps References Chapter 28. AAC for Persons With Aphasia Kimberly A. EichhornFundamentals Case Study: WP Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 29. AAC for Persons With Dementia 431Vanessa L. Burshnic-NealFundamentals Setting the Stage for AAC Use in Dementia Strengths and Deficits in Dementia Memory Communication Strengths and Deficits in Dementia: Clinical Implications Guidelines for Developing AAC for People With Dementia Examples of AAC for People With Dementia Supported Preference Assessment Memory Books Orientation Aids Reminder CardsActivities of Daily Living Support Supporting Care Partners Conclusion Case Study: AM Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making Next Steps References Chapter 30. AAC for Persons Who Are Medically Complex Abygail E. Marx and Sarah MarshallFundamentals Introduction Participation Framework Case Study: LG Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC System or Service Considerations Next Steps References Section VII. AAC Services for Stakeholders Chapter 31. AAC Consultation Erin S. SheldonIntroductionTerminology The Fundamentals of AAC Consultation Limits of the Traditional AAC Consultation Process Collaborative Consultation The Collaborative Consultation Process Speech-Language Pathologists as Learners Speech-Language Pathologists as Teachers Developing Consensus on the Problem Shared Decision-Making Building Capacity for AAC ImplementationCase Study: JE Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Next Steps References Chapter 32. Communication Partner Training for Families Tabitha Jones-WohleberFundamentals Family Characteristics AAC in Everyday Life All-the-Time Access Leverage Requesting "Something Different"-All-the-Time Choice Referencing Before, During, and After Spiraling Learning Experiences for AAC Communication Partners: Four Key Elements Information Tools/Technology Skills Habits Case Study: PHClinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Service Considerations Next Steps References Chapter 33. Communication Partner Training for Clinicians Tabitha Jones-WohleberFundamentals Communication-Partner Training Responsive and Engaging Communication Partners Supporting Adult Learners to Teach AACModels of Support Designing Effective Learning Opportunities for Communication Partners Barriers to AAC Implementation Opportunity Barriers Include Attitude, Knowledge, Skill, Practice, and Policy Barriers Case Study: JT Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC Considerations for Training Next Steps References Chapter 34. Communication Partner Training for Staff Jill E. Senner and Matthew R. BaudFundamentals Case Study: BT Clinical Profile and Communication Needs AAC ConsiderationsNext Steps References Chapter 35. Tele-AAC: The Basics Michelle BoisvertFundamentals Methods of Tele-AAC Service Delivery Hardware and Software Considerations Case Study: JS Clinical Profile and Communication Needs Tele-AAC Setup for Optimal Visual Access Next StepsReferences Chapter 36. Tele-AAC for Service Delivery Michelle BoisvertFundamentals Case Study: JS Clinical Profile and Communication Needs The AAC System or ServiceNext Steps References Essay 20. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Building My AAC Village Tannalynn NeufeldIndex