Christian Leuprecht is Class of 1965 Professor in Leadership at the Royal Military College of Canada, editor-in-chief of the Canadian Military Journal, director of the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations in the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University, and adjunct research professor at the Australian Graduate School of Policing and Security.Douglas Causey is is professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Alaska Anchorage, faculty affiliate of the Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center Arctic Initiative, and global fellow of the Wilson Center's Polar Institute. An ecologist and evolutionary biologist by training, he has authored over two hundred publications on the environmental correlates of Arctic climate change, and he and his students are actively conducting research in Alaska, Bering Sea, and Northwestern Greenland. He has published extensively on policy issues related to the Arctic environment, Arctic environmental security, and bioterrorism and public health.

"The geopolitics of the polar regions are rapidly evolving, and this book provides critical insights and a contextual foundation into the similarities and differences of the Northern and Southern Polar regions, as well as their connections to, and impacts on the rest of the world."—Mike Sfraga, chair, United States Arctic Research Commission, founding director, chair, and distinguished fellow, Polar Institute, Wilson Centre"Polar regions are increasingly strategically important. Polar Cousins provides relevant, timely information and historical examples to contrast the geostrategic significance of the Arctic and Antarctic helping the reader understand the two poles, and how and why they matter."—Frances Ulmer, Former Lieutenant Governor of Alaska and Former Chancellor of the University of Alaska Anchorage"Polar Cousins is an expansive, innovative, fascinating and multi-disciplinary comparative study, examining the state of the Arctic and Antarctic – all at a time of heightened environmental, great power and governance challenges. It introduces fresh scholarship, comparing the circumstances at the two poles, addressing strategic competition, contrasting history and geography, territorial issues, geo-politics, military threats, trade and economic challenges, environmental and ecological concerns and legal perspectives. This is a must read for environmental, security, economic and foreign policy makers, notably including claimant and resident states such as the USA, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand."—Professor John Blaxland, Australian National University, former Head, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre

• ContentsAcknowledgementsContributorsIntroductionChristian Leuprecht, Douglas Causey, Roger Bradbury, and Heather NicolPart IPrologue: Arctic Polar SecurityRandy "Church" KeePolar Environmental Security: Challenges, Threats, and RealitiesDouglas Causey, Randy "Church" Kee, and Brenda DunkleThe Evolving Geopolitics of Polar RegionsHeather N. Nicol and Lassi K. HeininenPolar Disaster Diplomacy: Geostrategies for NorwayIlan KelmanThe Case for a Five Eyes Critical Minerals Alliance Focusing on GreenlandDwayne Ryan MenezesPart IIPrologue: A Southern PerspectiveA. J. (Tony) PressChallenges and Opportunities for Southern Ocean and Antarctic GovernanceJoanna VinceAustralia's East Antarctic Geostrategic Futures: Nirvana or Doom Inbound?Peter LaytonAntarctic Environmental Security: Status and ChallengesRobin WarnerNew Zealand's Foreign and Security Policy in Antarctica: Small States, Shelter Seeking, and the Changing Polar LandscapeJoe BurtonPolar CodaHeather Nicol, Timo Koivurova, and Douglas Causey

Christian Leuprecht is Class of 1965 Professor in Leadership at the Royal Military College of Canada, editor-in-chief of the Canadian Military Journal, director of the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations in the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University, and adjunct research professor at the Australian Graduate School of Policing and Security.Douglas Causey is is professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Alaska Anchorage, faculty affiliate of the Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center Arctic Initiative, and global fellow of the Wilson Center's Polar Institute. An ecologist and evolutionary biologist by training, he has authored over two hundred publications on the environmental correlates of Arctic climate change, and he and his students are actively conducting research in Alaska, Bering Sea, and Northwestern Greenland. He has published extensively on policy issues related to the Arctic environment, Arctic environmental security, and bioterrorism and public health.

"The geopolitics of the polar regions are rapidly evolving, and this book provides critical insights and a contextual foundation into the similarities and differences of the Northern and Southern Polar regions, as well as their connections to, and impacts on the rest of the world."—Mike Sfraga, chair, United States Arctic Research Commission, founding director, chair, and distinguished fellow, Polar Institute, Wilson Centre"Polar regions are increasingly strategically important. Polar Cousins provides relevant, timely information and historical examples to contrast the geostrategic significance of the Arctic and Antarctic helping the reader understand the two poles, and how and why they matter."—Frances Ulmer, Former Lieutenant Governor of Alaska and Former Chancellor of the University of Alaska Anchorage"Polar Cousins is an expansive, innovative, fascinating and multi-disciplinary comparative study, examining the state of the Arctic and Antarctic – all at a time of heightened environmental, great power and governance challenges. It introduces fresh scholarship, comparing the circumstances at the two poles, addressing strategic competition, contrasting history and geography, territorial issues, geo-politics, military threats, trade and economic challenges, environmental and ecological concerns and legal perspectives. This is a must read for environmental, security, economic and foreign policy makers, notably including claimant and resident states such as the USA, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand."—Professor John Blaxland, Australian National University, former Head, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre

• ContentsAcknowledgementsContributorsIntroductionChristian Leuprecht, Douglas Causey, Roger Bradbury, and Heather NicolPart IPrologue: Arctic Polar SecurityRandy "Church" KeePolar Environmental Security: Challenges, Threats, and RealitiesDouglas Causey, Randy "Church" Kee, and Brenda DunkleThe Evolving Geopolitics of Polar RegionsHeather N. Nicol and Lassi K. HeininenPolar Disaster Diplomacy: Geostrategies for NorwayIlan KelmanThe Case for a Five Eyes Critical Minerals Alliance Focusing on GreenlandDwayne Ryan MenezesPart IIPrologue: A Southern PerspectiveA. J. (Tony) PressChallenges and Opportunities for Southern Ocean and Antarctic GovernanceJoanna VinceAustralia's East Antarctic Geostrategic Futures: Nirvana or Doom Inbound?Peter LaytonAntarctic Environmental Security: Status and ChallengesRobin WarnerNew Zealand's Foreign and Security Policy in Antarctica: Small States, Shelter Seeking, and the Changing Polar LandscapeJoe BurtonPolar CodaHeather Nicol, Timo Koivurova, and Douglas Causey

Christian Leuprecht is Class of 1965 Professor in Leadership at the Royal Military College of Canada, editor-in-chief of the Canadian Military Journal, director of the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations in the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University, and adjunct research professor at the Australian Graduate School of Policing and Security.Douglas Causey is is professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Alaska Anchorage, faculty affiliate of the Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center Arctic Initiative, and global fellow of the Wilson Center's Polar Institute. An ecologist and evolutionary biologist by training, he has authored over two hundred publications on the environmental correlates of Arctic climate change, and he and his students are actively conducting research in Alaska, Bering Sea, and Northwestern Greenland. He has published extensively on policy issues related to the Arctic environment, Arctic environmental security, and bioterrorism and public health.

"The geopolitics of the polar regions are rapidly evolving, and this book provides critical insights and a contextual foundation into the similarities and differences of the Northern and Southern Polar regions, as well as their connections to, and impacts on the rest of the world."—Mike Sfraga, chair, United States Arctic Research Commission, founding director, chair, and distinguished fellow, Polar Institute, Wilson Centre"Polar regions are increasingly strategically important. Polar Cousins provides relevant, timely information and historical examples to contrast the geostrategic significance of the Arctic and Antarctic helping the reader understand the two poles, and how and why they matter."—Frances Ulmer, Former Lieutenant Governor of Alaska and Former Chancellor of the University of Alaska Anchorage"Polar Cousins is an expansive, innovative, fascinating and multi-disciplinary comparative study, examining the state of the Arctic and Antarctic – all at a time of heightened environmental, great power and governance challenges. It introduces fresh scholarship, comparing the circumstances at the two poles, addressing strategic competition, contrasting history and geography, territorial issues, geo-politics, military threats, trade and economic challenges, environmental and ecological concerns and legal perspectives. This is a must read for environmental, security, economic and foreign policy makers, notably including claimant and resident states such as the USA, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand."—Professor John Blaxland, Australian National University, former Head, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre

• ContentsAcknowledgementsContributorsIntroductionChristian Leuprecht, Douglas Causey, Roger Bradbury, and Heather NicolPart IPrologue: Arctic Polar SecurityRandy "Church" KeePolar Environmental Security: Challenges, Threats, and RealitiesDouglas Causey, Randy "Church" Kee, and Brenda DunkleThe Evolving Geopolitics of Polar RegionsHeather N. Nicol and Lassi K. HeininenPolar Disaster Diplomacy: Geostrategies for NorwayIlan KelmanThe Case for a Five Eyes Critical Minerals Alliance Focusing on GreenlandDwayne Ryan MenezesPart IIPrologue: A Southern PerspectiveA. J. (Tony) PressChallenges and Opportunities for Southern Ocean and Antarctic GovernanceJoanna VinceAustralia's East Antarctic Geostrategic Futures: Nirvana or Doom Inbound?Peter LaytonAntarctic Environmental Security: Status and ChallengesRobin WarnerNew Zealand's Foreign and Security Policy in Antarctica: Small States, Shelter Seeking, and the Changing Polar LandscapeJoe BurtonPolar CodaHeather Nicol, Timo Koivurova, and Douglas Causey