Into the Darkest Places

Marcus West is a Training Analyst of the Society of Analytical Psychology in private practice in Sussex, England. He is the author of a number of papers, one of which was joint winner of the Michael Fordham Prize 2004. He is on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Analytical Psychology and is currently Chair of Psychotherapy Sussex. He is author of three books: 'Feeling, Being and the Sense of Self', 'Understanding Dreams in Clinical Practice', and 'Into the Darkest Places'.

'Those of us working in the field of extreme abuse and trauma have slowly become aware of the paradigm shift such work demands. Different concepts or diagnoses of mental illness become less satisfactory when looked at through a trauma and relational lens. Coming from a Jungian base, Marcus West masterfully explores Jungian, Freudian, Kleinian and Winnicottian theories, as well as American object relations and current international trauma theory, both biological and clinical, in a compelling and respectful way. He uses the myth of Orpheus most beautifully to show how it is the affective response of the analyst that is needed to enter the darkest places, and in doing so he sheds emotional and academic light.'- Valerie Sinason, editor of Trauma, Dissociation and Multiplicity: Working on Identity and Selves'Marcus West has written a book of profound insight into the internal workings of trauma within the psyche and its impact on all interpersonal relationships. This is a book that should be read by every psychotherapist who works with people suffering from early traumatic wounding to the self. It is a book thoroughly grounded in Jungian theory and importantly advances its practical applications.'- Murray Stein, author of Soul: Treatment and Recovery'To shine a much-needed light on analytic practice with borderline states of mind, Marcus West comprehensively brings together neuroscience, infant research and trauma theory along with Jungian and psychoanalytic perspectives. He gives us a critique of salient historical ideas and methods as a launch pad for his own creative understanding and work with those suffering early relational trauma, known as "hidden" trauma. West is a skilful and talented analyst who has bravely sifted through the literature and developed his own in-depth approach grounded in his many years in the trenches.'- Linda Carter, former US editor-in-chief of the Journal of Analytical Psychology'In this impressive and scholarly book, Marcus West offers a thoughtful reappraisal and integration of analytic theory, trauma theory, and relational theory. West draws on a wide range of research to argue that Jung's concept of the complex is central to understanding trauma, in that it embodies both trauma-related internal working models, primitive responses to the trauma, and narcissistic defences. West suggests that the analytic relationship is the essential site for the reconstruction of early relational traumas, which are repeatedly experienced between analyst and patient in direct and reversed forms, and that the analytic attitude offers the best opportunity for the traumatic complex to be worked through and integrated.'- Dr Jean Knox, Associate Professor, Clinical and Doctorate Programme, University of Exeter

• Chapter One: Early relational trauma and borderline states of mind; Chapter Two: The clinical picture and the traditional psychoanalytic understandings of borderline phenomena; Chapter Three: A brief outline of trauma theory; Chapter Four: The relational and attachment perspective; Chapter Five: Trauma, complex, and narcissistic defences of the core self—from fight and flight to personality organisation; Chapter Six: Internal working models on different levels and in direct and reversed forms; Chapter Seven: Into the darkest places: microanalysis of the analytic relationship—intersubjectivity, co-construction, and re-enactment; Chapter Eight: Broad and flexible ego-functioning and the core self—the ego–self axis and ps–dp; Chapter Nine: Idealisation and the longing for paradise—relinquishing the wish for an idealised, conflict-free relationship; Chapter Ten: Bringing it all together—an extended clinical example; Chapter Eleven: The pressures on the analyst—being human and bearing to be inhuman; Chapter Twelve: The analyst’s journey and the defeat of the analyst’s ego—Orpheus and Eurydice and the journey through the underworld; Chapter Thirteen: Trauma and the analytic attitude; Chapter Fourteen: When the earth swallows you up—shame, regression, and the collapse response; Chapter Fifteen: In thrall to the spectre of death—suicidality, submission, and collapse; Chapter Sixteen: Dissociation and dissociative identity disorder; Chapter Seventeen: The body remembers—working analytically with the body; Chapter Eighteen: Jung’s early relational trauma and spiritual experience; Chapter Nineteen: Summary and conclusion—emerging from trauma and returning to everyday life