Akira Tsuneki is a Professor Emeritus, University of Tsukuba, Japan. His specialty is West Asian archaeology, especially Neolithic studies. He was a lecturer at Tokai University (1989-1992) before becoming an associate professor and then professor at the University of Tsukuba (1992-2020). He has led numerous archaeological excavations in Syria (Umm Qseir, Tell el-Kerkh), Iran (Tang-e Bolaghi, Arsanjan), and Iraqi-Kurdistan (Qalat Said Ahmadan, Jarmo) which were focused on the theme of Neolithization and urbanization.

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• Introduction: The Significance of Syria in Human History – (Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki) ; Chapter 1: Prehistory: 1. El Kowm Oasis (Homs) – (Reto Jagher, Dorota Wojtczak and Jean-Marie Le Tensorer) ; 2. Dederiyeh Cave (Afrin, Aleppo) – (Takeru Akazawa and Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 3. Wadi Mushkuna Rockshelter (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 4. Baaz Rockshelter (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 5. Kaus Kozah Cave (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 6. Abu Hureyra (Raqqa) – (Andrew M. T. Moore) ; 7. Qarassa (Sweida) – (F. Braemer, J. J. Ibanez and X. Terradas) ; 8. Mureybet (Raqqa) – (Marie-Claire Cauvin and Danielle Stordeur) ; 9. Tell Qaramel (Aleppo) – (Youssef Kanjou) ; 10. Jerf el-Ahmar (Aleppo) – (Danielle Stordeur and George Willcox) ; 11. Dja’de el-Mughara (Aleppo) (Eric Coqueugniot) [Open Access: Download] ; 12. Tell Halula (Aleppo) – (Miquel Molist) ; 13. Tell Aswad (Damascus) – (Danielle Stordeur and Rima Khawam) ; 14. Tell el-Kerkh (Idlib) – (Akira Tsuneki) ; 15. Tell Sabi Abyad (Raqqa) – (Peter M. M. G. Akkermans) ; 16. Tell Seker el-Aheimar (Hassake) – (Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 17. Shir (Hama) – (Karin Bartl) ; 18. Tell Kosak Shamali (Aleppo) – (Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 19. Tell el-‘Abr (Aleppo) – (Yayoi Yamazaki and Hamido Hammade) ; 20. Chagar Bazar (Hassake) – (Walter Cruells and Anna Gomez Bach) ; 21. Tell Zeidan (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 22. Tell Feres (Hassake) – (Régis Vallet and Johnny Samuele Baldi) ; 23. Tell Ziyadeh (Hassake) – (Frank Hole) ; Chapter 2: Ancient Syria (Bronze and Iron Ages): 24. Tell Beydar / Nabada / Nabatium (Hassake) – (Marc Lebeau and †Antoine Suleiman) ; 25. Tell Banat (Aleppo) – (Thomas L. McClellan and Anne Porter) ; 26. Tell Mozan/Urkesh (Hassake) – (Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati) ; 27. Tell Leilan (Hassake) – (Harvey Weiss) ; 28. Tell Sheikh Hamad/Dur-Katlimmu/Magdalu (Deir ez-Zor) – (Hartmut Kühne) ; 29. Umm el-Marra (Aleppo) – (Glenn M. Schwartz) ; 30. Tell Jerablus Tahtani (Aleppo) – (Edgar Peltenburg) ; 31. Tell Al-Rawda (Hama) - (Corinne Castel and Nazir Awad) ; 32. Tell Munbāqa (Raqqa) – (Dittmar Machule) ; 33. Tell el-Abd (Raqqa) – (Uwe Finkbeiner) ; 34. Tell Ali al-Hajj, Rumeilah (Aleppo) – (Kazuya Shimogama) ; 35. Mishrifeh / Qatna (Homs) – (Daniele Morandi Bonacossi) ; 36. Mishirfeh/Qatna, Syrian Excavations (Homs) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi and Massoud Badawi) ; 37. Tell Mastuma (Idlib) – (Hidetoshi Tsumoto) ; 38. Tell Sakka (Damascus) – (Ahmad Ferzat-Taraqji) ; 39. Tell Iris (Lattakia) – (Antoine Souleiman and Michel Al-Maqdissi) ; 40. Tell Toueini (Lattakia) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi, Massoud Badawi and Eva Ishaq) ; 41. Tell Sianu (Lattakia) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi) ; 42. Tell Taban (Hassake) – (Hirotoshi Numoto) ; 43. Tell Hammam el-Turkman (Raqqa) – (Diederik J.W. Meijer) ; 44. Tell Selenkahiye (Aleppo) – (Diederik J.W. Meijer) ; 45. Tell Mohammed Diyab (Hassake) – (Christophe Nicolle) ; 46. Tell Tuqan (Idlib) – (Francesca Baffi) ; 47. Khirbet Al-Umbashi, Khirbet Dabab and Hebariye (Sweida) – (Frank Braemer and Ahmed Taraqji) ; 48. Tell Masaikh and the Region around Terqa (Deir ez-Zor) – (Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault) ; 49. Tell Ashara/ Terqa (Deir ez-Zor) – (Olivier Rouault) ; 50. Tell Bazi (Aleppo) – (Adelheid Otto and Berthold Einwag) ; 51. Tell Afis (Idlib) – (Stefania Mazzoni) ; 52. Tell Fekheriye (Hassake) – (Dominik Bonatz) ; 53. Mari (Deir ez-Zor) – (Pascal Butterlin) ; 54. Tell Nebi Mend (Homs) – (Peter Parr) ; 55. Qala’at Halwanji (Aleppo) – (Jesper Eidem) ; 56. Tell Ahmar/Til Barsib (Aleppo) – (Guy Bunnens) ; 57. Chagar Bazar/Ashnakkum (Hassake) – (Onhan Tunca) ; 58. Tell Humeida (Deir ez-Zor) – (Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós and Yaroob al-Abdallah) ; 59. Tell Qabr Abu al-‘Atiq (Deir ez-Zor) – (Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós and Shaker al-Shbib) ; 60. Tulul el-Far, Tell Taouil and Tell el-Kharaze (Damascus) – (Sophie Cluzan and Ahmad Ferzat-Taraqji) ; 61. Tell Massin and Tell al-Nasriyah (Hama) – (Dominique Parayre) ; 62. Tell Arbid (Hassake) – (Piotr Bieliński) ; 63. Tell Halaf (Hassake) – (Lutz Martin) ; 64. Halawa (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer and Winfried Orthmann) ; 65. Tell Shiyukh Tahtani (Aleppo) – (Gioacchino Falsone and Paola Sconzo) ; 66. Ras Shamra/Ugarit (Lattakia) – (Valérie Matoïan and Khozama al-Bahloul) ; 67. Tell Chuera (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 68. Amrith/Marathos (Tartous) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi and Eva Ishaq) ; 69. Arslan Tash (Aleppo) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 70. Tell Meskene/Emar (Aleppo) – (Ferhan Sakal) ; 71. Tell Barri/Kahat (al Hassake) – (Raffaella Pierobon Benoit) ; 72. Tell Kazel/Sumur – (Leila Badre) ; 73. Tell Qumluq (Aleppo) – (Youssef Kanjou and Andrew Jamieson) ; 74. The Cemetery of Abu Hamad (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 75. The cemeteries of Wreide, Tawi and Shameseddin (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer andWinfried Orthmann) ; 76. Tell Ajaja (Hassake) – (Asa’d Mahmoud and Hartmut Kühne) ; 77. Tell Bderi (Hassake) – (Hartmut Kühne) ; Chapter 3: Syria in the Classic World (Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine): 78. Jebel Khalid, (Aleppo) – (Graeme Clarke and Heather Jackson) ; 79. Palmyra, Years of Syro-German/Austrian Archaeological Research (Homs) – (Andreas Schmidt-Colinet, Khaled al- As‘ad and Waleed al-As‘ad) ; 80. Palmyra, Japanese Archaeological Research (Homs) – (Saito, Kiyihide) ; 81. Palmyrena. The Northern Hinterland of Palmyra (Homs) – (Jørgen Christian Meyer, Nils Anfinset and Torbjørn Preus Schou) ; 82. Palmyra/Tadmor (Homs) – (Michal Gawlikowski) ; 83. Cyrrhus/Nebi Houri (Aleppo) – (Jeanine Abdul Massih and Shaker Al Shbib) ; 84. Tell As-Sin (Deir ez-Zor) – (Shaker al-Shbib and Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós) ; 85. Gindaros (Aleppo) – (Ammar Abdulrahman) ; 86. El-Iss/Qinnasrin (Aleppo) – (Marie-Odile Rousset and Youssef Kanjou) ; 87. Resafa/Sergiopolis (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 88. Resafa/Sergiupolis /Rusafat Hisham (Raqqa) – (Dorothée Sack and Martin Gussone) ; 89. Zenobia – Halabiya (Deir Ezzor) – (Sylvie Blétry) ; 90. Sergilla, Ruweiha and El Bâra (Idlib) – (Maamoun Abdulkarim and Gérard Charpentier) ; 91. Musaytbeh-Jableh (Lattakia) – (Massoud Badawi) ; 92. Deir Qinnsrin-Jarabulus (Aleppo) – (Mohamad Fakhro) ; 93. Tell el-Kasra (Deir ez-Zor) – (Yaroob al-Abdallah) ; 94. Syriac Inscriptions of Syria – (Françoise Briquel Chatonnet) ; 95. Sura (Raqqa) – (Ali Othman) ; 97. Tell Shayzar (Hama) – (Matthias Grawehr and Abdulsalam Albachkami) ; Chapter 4: Islamic Archaeology in Syria: 97. The Citadel of Shayzar (Hama) – (Cristina Tonghini) ; 98. Qalaat Al Mudiq/Apamean Citadel (Hama) – (Shaker al Shbib and Mathilde Gelin) ; 99. Tell Tuneinir (Hassake) – (Michael Fuller and Neathery Fuller) ; 100. Aleppo Castle (Aleppo) – (Assad Yusof and Youssef Kanjou) ; 101. Madinat el-Far/Hisn Maslama (Raqqa) – (Claus-Peter Haase) ; 102. Kharab Sayyar (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 103. Tell Damir (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; Synthesis: Syrian Archaeology in the Past, Present and Future – (Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki)

Akira Tsuneki is a Professor Emeritus, University of Tsukuba, Japan. His specialty is West Asian archaeology, especially Neolithic studies. He was a lecturer at Tokai University (1989-1992) before becoming an associate professor and then professor at the University of Tsukuba (1992-2020). He has led numerous archaeological excavations in Syria (Umm Qseir, Tell el-Kerkh), Iran (Tang-e Bolaghi, Arsanjan), and Iraqi-Kurdistan (Qalat Said Ahmadan, Jarmo) which were focused on the theme of Neolithization and urbanization.

Select Guide Rating

• Introduction: The Significance of Syria in Human History – (Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki) ; Chapter 1: Prehistory: 1. El Kowm Oasis (Homs) – (Reto Jagher, Dorota Wojtczak and Jean-Marie Le Tensorer) ; 2. Dederiyeh Cave (Afrin, Aleppo) – (Takeru Akazawa and Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 3. Wadi Mushkuna Rockshelter (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 4. Baaz Rockshelter (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 5. Kaus Kozah Cave (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 6. Abu Hureyra (Raqqa) – (Andrew M. T. Moore) ; 7. Qarassa (Sweida) – (F. Braemer, J. J. Ibanez and X. Terradas) ; 8. Mureybet (Raqqa) – (Marie-Claire Cauvin and Danielle Stordeur) ; 9. Tell Qaramel (Aleppo) – (Youssef Kanjou) ; 10. Jerf el-Ahmar (Aleppo) – (Danielle Stordeur and George Willcox) ; 11. Dja’de el-Mughara (Aleppo) (Eric Coqueugniot) [Open Access: Download] ; 12. Tell Halula (Aleppo) – (Miquel Molist) ; 13. Tell Aswad (Damascus) – (Danielle Stordeur and Rima Khawam) ; 14. Tell el-Kerkh (Idlib) – (Akira Tsuneki) ; 15. Tell Sabi Abyad (Raqqa) – (Peter M. M. G. Akkermans) ; 16. Tell Seker el-Aheimar (Hassake) – (Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 17. Shir (Hama) – (Karin Bartl) ; 18. Tell Kosak Shamali (Aleppo) – (Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 19. Tell el-‘Abr (Aleppo) – (Yayoi Yamazaki and Hamido Hammade) ; 20. Chagar Bazar (Hassake) – (Walter Cruells and Anna Gomez Bach) ; 21. Tell Zeidan (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 22. Tell Feres (Hassake) – (Régis Vallet and Johnny Samuele Baldi) ; 23. Tell Ziyadeh (Hassake) – (Frank Hole) ; Chapter 2: Ancient Syria (Bronze and Iron Ages): 24. Tell Beydar / Nabada / Nabatium (Hassake) – (Marc Lebeau and †Antoine Suleiman) ; 25. Tell Banat (Aleppo) – (Thomas L. McClellan and Anne Porter) ; 26. Tell Mozan/Urkesh (Hassake) – (Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati) ; 27. Tell Leilan (Hassake) – (Harvey Weiss) ; 28. Tell Sheikh Hamad/Dur-Katlimmu/Magdalu (Deir ez-Zor) – (Hartmut Kühne) ; 29. Umm el-Marra (Aleppo) – (Glenn M. Schwartz) ; 30. Tell Jerablus Tahtani (Aleppo) – (Edgar Peltenburg) ; 31. Tell Al-Rawda (Hama) - (Corinne Castel and Nazir Awad) ; 32. Tell Munbāqa (Raqqa) – (Dittmar Machule) ; 33. Tell el-Abd (Raqqa) – (Uwe Finkbeiner) ; 34. Tell Ali al-Hajj, Rumeilah (Aleppo) – (Kazuya Shimogama) ; 35. Mishrifeh / Qatna (Homs) – (Daniele Morandi Bonacossi) ; 36. Mishirfeh/Qatna, Syrian Excavations (Homs) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi and Massoud Badawi) ; 37. Tell Mastuma (Idlib) – (Hidetoshi Tsumoto) ; 38. Tell Sakka (Damascus) – (Ahmad Ferzat-Taraqji) ; 39. Tell Iris (Lattakia) – (Antoine Souleiman and Michel Al-Maqdissi) ; 40. Tell Toueini (Lattakia) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi, Massoud Badawi and Eva Ishaq) ; 41. Tell Sianu (Lattakia) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi) ; 42. Tell Taban (Hassake) – (Hirotoshi Numoto) ; 43. Tell Hammam el-Turkman (Raqqa) – (Diederik J.W. Meijer) ; 44. Tell Selenkahiye (Aleppo) – (Diederik J.W. Meijer) ; 45. Tell Mohammed Diyab (Hassake) – (Christophe Nicolle) ; 46. Tell Tuqan (Idlib) – (Francesca Baffi) ; 47. Khirbet Al-Umbashi, Khirbet Dabab and Hebariye (Sweida) – (Frank Braemer and Ahmed Taraqji) ; 48. Tell Masaikh and the Region around Terqa (Deir ez-Zor) – (Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault) ; 49. Tell Ashara/ Terqa (Deir ez-Zor) – (Olivier Rouault) ; 50. Tell Bazi (Aleppo) – (Adelheid Otto and Berthold Einwag) ; 51. Tell Afis (Idlib) – (Stefania Mazzoni) ; 52. Tell Fekheriye (Hassake) – (Dominik Bonatz) ; 53. Mari (Deir ez-Zor) – (Pascal Butterlin) ; 54. Tell Nebi Mend (Homs) – (Peter Parr) ; 55. Qala’at Halwanji (Aleppo) – (Jesper Eidem) ; 56. Tell Ahmar/Til Barsib (Aleppo) – (Guy Bunnens) ; 57. Chagar Bazar/Ashnakkum (Hassake) – (Onhan Tunca) ; 58. Tell Humeida (Deir ez-Zor) – (Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós and Yaroob al-Abdallah) ; 59. Tell Qabr Abu al-‘Atiq (Deir ez-Zor) – (Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós and Shaker al-Shbib) ; 60. Tulul el-Far, Tell Taouil and Tell el-Kharaze (Damascus) – (Sophie Cluzan and Ahmad Ferzat-Taraqji) ; 61. Tell Massin and Tell al-Nasriyah (Hama) – (Dominique Parayre) ; 62. Tell Arbid (Hassake) – (Piotr Bieliński) ; 63. Tell Halaf (Hassake) – (Lutz Martin) ; 64. Halawa (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer and Winfried Orthmann) ; 65. Tell Shiyukh Tahtani (Aleppo) – (Gioacchino Falsone and Paola Sconzo) ; 66. Ras Shamra/Ugarit (Lattakia) – (Valérie Matoïan and Khozama al-Bahloul) ; 67. Tell Chuera (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 68. Amrith/Marathos (Tartous) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi and Eva Ishaq) ; 69. Arslan Tash (Aleppo) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 70. Tell Meskene/Emar (Aleppo) – (Ferhan Sakal) ; 71. Tell Barri/Kahat (al Hassake) – (Raffaella Pierobon Benoit) ; 72. Tell Kazel/Sumur – (Leila Badre) ; 73. Tell Qumluq (Aleppo) – (Youssef Kanjou and Andrew Jamieson) ; 74. The Cemetery of Abu Hamad (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 75. The cemeteries of Wreide, Tawi and Shameseddin (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer andWinfried Orthmann) ; 76. Tell Ajaja (Hassake) – (Asa’d Mahmoud and Hartmut Kühne) ; 77. Tell Bderi (Hassake) – (Hartmut Kühne) ; Chapter 3: Syria in the Classic World (Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine): 78. Jebel Khalid, (Aleppo) – (Graeme Clarke and Heather Jackson) ; 79. Palmyra, Years of Syro-German/Austrian Archaeological Research (Homs) – (Andreas Schmidt-Colinet, Khaled al- As‘ad and Waleed al-As‘ad) ; 80. Palmyra, Japanese Archaeological Research (Homs) – (Saito, Kiyihide) ; 81. Palmyrena. The Northern Hinterland of Palmyra (Homs) – (Jørgen Christian Meyer, Nils Anfinset and Torbjørn Preus Schou) ; 82. Palmyra/Tadmor (Homs) – (Michal Gawlikowski) ; 83. Cyrrhus/Nebi Houri (Aleppo) – (Jeanine Abdul Massih and Shaker Al Shbib) ; 84. Tell As-Sin (Deir ez-Zor) – (Shaker al-Shbib and Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós) ; 85. Gindaros (Aleppo) – (Ammar Abdulrahman) ; 86. El-Iss/Qinnasrin (Aleppo) – (Marie-Odile Rousset and Youssef Kanjou) ; 87. Resafa/Sergiopolis (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 88. Resafa/Sergiupolis /Rusafat Hisham (Raqqa) – (Dorothée Sack and Martin Gussone) ; 89. Zenobia – Halabiya (Deir Ezzor) – (Sylvie Blétry) ; 90. Sergilla, Ruweiha and El Bâra (Idlib) – (Maamoun Abdulkarim and Gérard Charpentier) ; 91. Musaytbeh-Jableh (Lattakia) – (Massoud Badawi) ; 92. Deir Qinnsrin-Jarabulus (Aleppo) – (Mohamad Fakhro) ; 93. Tell el-Kasra (Deir ez-Zor) – (Yaroob al-Abdallah) ; 94. Syriac Inscriptions of Syria – (Françoise Briquel Chatonnet) ; 95. Sura (Raqqa) – (Ali Othman) ; 97. Tell Shayzar (Hama) – (Matthias Grawehr and Abdulsalam Albachkami) ; Chapter 4: Islamic Archaeology in Syria: 97. The Citadel of Shayzar (Hama) – (Cristina Tonghini) ; 98. Qalaat Al Mudiq/Apamean Citadel (Hama) – (Shaker al Shbib and Mathilde Gelin) ; 99. Tell Tuneinir (Hassake) – (Michael Fuller and Neathery Fuller) ; 100. Aleppo Castle (Aleppo) – (Assad Yusof and Youssef Kanjou) ; 101. Madinat el-Far/Hisn Maslama (Raqqa) – (Claus-Peter Haase) ; 102. Kharab Sayyar (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 103. Tell Damir (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; Synthesis: Syrian Archaeology in the Past, Present and Future – (Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki)

Akira Tsuneki is a Professor Emeritus, University of Tsukuba, Japan. His specialty is West Asian archaeology, especially Neolithic studies. He was a lecturer at Tokai University (1989-1992) before becoming an associate professor and then professor at the University of Tsukuba (1992-2020). He has led numerous archaeological excavations in Syria (Umm Qseir, Tell el-Kerkh), Iran (Tang-e Bolaghi, Arsanjan), and Iraqi-Kurdistan (Qalat Said Ahmadan, Jarmo) which were focused on the theme of Neolithization and urbanization.

Select Guide Rating

• Introduction: The Significance of Syria in Human History – (Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki) ; Chapter 1: Prehistory: 1. El Kowm Oasis (Homs) – (Reto Jagher, Dorota Wojtczak and Jean-Marie Le Tensorer) ; 2. Dederiyeh Cave (Afrin, Aleppo) – (Takeru Akazawa and Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 3. Wadi Mushkuna Rockshelter (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 4. Baaz Rockshelter (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 5. Kaus Kozah Cave (Damascus) – (Nicholas J. Conard) ; 6. Abu Hureyra (Raqqa) – (Andrew M. T. Moore) ; 7. Qarassa (Sweida) – (F. Braemer, J. J. Ibanez and X. Terradas) ; 8. Mureybet (Raqqa) – (Marie-Claire Cauvin and Danielle Stordeur) ; 9. Tell Qaramel (Aleppo) – (Youssef Kanjou) ; 10. Jerf el-Ahmar (Aleppo) – (Danielle Stordeur and George Willcox) ; 11. Dja’de el-Mughara (Aleppo) (Eric Coqueugniot) [Open Access: Download] ; 12. Tell Halula (Aleppo) – (Miquel Molist) ; 13. Tell Aswad (Damascus) – (Danielle Stordeur and Rima Khawam) ; 14. Tell el-Kerkh (Idlib) – (Akira Tsuneki) ; 15. Tell Sabi Abyad (Raqqa) – (Peter M. M. G. Akkermans) ; 16. Tell Seker el-Aheimar (Hassake) – (Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 17. Shir (Hama) – (Karin Bartl) ; 18. Tell Kosak Shamali (Aleppo) – (Yoshihiro Nishiaki) ; 19. Tell el-‘Abr (Aleppo) – (Yayoi Yamazaki and Hamido Hammade) ; 20. Chagar Bazar (Hassake) – (Walter Cruells and Anna Gomez Bach) ; 21. Tell Zeidan (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 22. Tell Feres (Hassake) – (Régis Vallet and Johnny Samuele Baldi) ; 23. Tell Ziyadeh (Hassake) – (Frank Hole) ; Chapter 2: Ancient Syria (Bronze and Iron Ages): 24. Tell Beydar / Nabada / Nabatium (Hassake) – (Marc Lebeau and †Antoine Suleiman) ; 25. Tell Banat (Aleppo) – (Thomas L. McClellan and Anne Porter) ; 26. Tell Mozan/Urkesh (Hassake) – (Giorgio Buccellati and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati) ; 27. Tell Leilan (Hassake) – (Harvey Weiss) ; 28. Tell Sheikh Hamad/Dur-Katlimmu/Magdalu (Deir ez-Zor) – (Hartmut Kühne) ; 29. Umm el-Marra (Aleppo) – (Glenn M. Schwartz) ; 30. Tell Jerablus Tahtani (Aleppo) – (Edgar Peltenburg) ; 31. Tell Al-Rawda (Hama) - (Corinne Castel and Nazir Awad) ; 32. Tell Munbāqa (Raqqa) – (Dittmar Machule) ; 33. Tell el-Abd (Raqqa) – (Uwe Finkbeiner) ; 34. Tell Ali al-Hajj, Rumeilah (Aleppo) – (Kazuya Shimogama) ; 35. Mishrifeh / Qatna (Homs) – (Daniele Morandi Bonacossi) ; 36. Mishirfeh/Qatna, Syrian Excavations (Homs) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi and Massoud Badawi) ; 37. Tell Mastuma (Idlib) – (Hidetoshi Tsumoto) ; 38. Tell Sakka (Damascus) – (Ahmad Ferzat-Taraqji) ; 39. Tell Iris (Lattakia) – (Antoine Souleiman and Michel Al-Maqdissi) ; 40. Tell Toueini (Lattakia) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi, Massoud Badawi and Eva Ishaq) ; 41. Tell Sianu (Lattakia) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi) ; 42. Tell Taban (Hassake) – (Hirotoshi Numoto) ; 43. Tell Hammam el-Turkman (Raqqa) – (Diederik J.W. Meijer) ; 44. Tell Selenkahiye (Aleppo) – (Diederik J.W. Meijer) ; 45. Tell Mohammed Diyab (Hassake) – (Christophe Nicolle) ; 46. Tell Tuqan (Idlib) – (Francesca Baffi) ; 47. Khirbet Al-Umbashi, Khirbet Dabab and Hebariye (Sweida) – (Frank Braemer and Ahmed Taraqji) ; 48. Tell Masaikh and the Region around Terqa (Deir ez-Zor) – (Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault) ; 49. Tell Ashara/ Terqa (Deir ez-Zor) – (Olivier Rouault) ; 50. Tell Bazi (Aleppo) – (Adelheid Otto and Berthold Einwag) ; 51. Tell Afis (Idlib) – (Stefania Mazzoni) ; 52. Tell Fekheriye (Hassake) – (Dominik Bonatz) ; 53. Mari (Deir ez-Zor) – (Pascal Butterlin) ; 54. Tell Nebi Mend (Homs) – (Peter Parr) ; 55. Qala’at Halwanji (Aleppo) – (Jesper Eidem) ; 56. Tell Ahmar/Til Barsib (Aleppo) – (Guy Bunnens) ; 57. Chagar Bazar/Ashnakkum (Hassake) – (Onhan Tunca) ; 58. Tell Humeida (Deir ez-Zor) – (Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós and Yaroob al-Abdallah) ; 59. Tell Qabr Abu al-‘Atiq (Deir ez-Zor) – (Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós and Shaker al-Shbib) ; 60. Tulul el-Far, Tell Taouil and Tell el-Kharaze (Damascus) – (Sophie Cluzan and Ahmad Ferzat-Taraqji) ; 61. Tell Massin and Tell al-Nasriyah (Hama) – (Dominique Parayre) ; 62. Tell Arbid (Hassake) – (Piotr Bieliński) ; 63. Tell Halaf (Hassake) – (Lutz Martin) ; 64. Halawa (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer and Winfried Orthmann) ; 65. Tell Shiyukh Tahtani (Aleppo) – (Gioacchino Falsone and Paola Sconzo) ; 66. Ras Shamra/Ugarit (Lattakia) – (Valérie Matoïan and Khozama al-Bahloul) ; 67. Tell Chuera (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 68. Amrith/Marathos (Tartous) – (Michel Al-Maqdissi and Eva Ishaq) ; 69. Arslan Tash (Aleppo) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 70. Tell Meskene/Emar (Aleppo) – (Ferhan Sakal) ; 71. Tell Barri/Kahat (al Hassake) – (Raffaella Pierobon Benoit) ; 72. Tell Kazel/Sumur – (Leila Badre) ; 73. Tell Qumluq (Aleppo) – (Youssef Kanjou and Andrew Jamieson) ; 74. The Cemetery of Abu Hamad (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 75. The cemeteries of Wreide, Tawi and Shameseddin (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer andWinfried Orthmann) ; 76. Tell Ajaja (Hassake) – (Asa’d Mahmoud and Hartmut Kühne) ; 77. Tell Bderi (Hassake) – (Hartmut Kühne) ; Chapter 3: Syria in the Classic World (Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine): 78. Jebel Khalid, (Aleppo) – (Graeme Clarke and Heather Jackson) ; 79. Palmyra, Years of Syro-German/Austrian Archaeological Research (Homs) – (Andreas Schmidt-Colinet, Khaled al- As‘ad and Waleed al-As‘ad) ; 80. Palmyra, Japanese Archaeological Research (Homs) – (Saito, Kiyihide) ; 81. Palmyrena. The Northern Hinterland of Palmyra (Homs) – (Jørgen Christian Meyer, Nils Anfinset and Torbjørn Preus Schou) ; 82. Palmyra/Tadmor (Homs) – (Michal Gawlikowski) ; 83. Cyrrhus/Nebi Houri (Aleppo) – (Jeanine Abdul Massih and Shaker Al Shbib) ; 84. Tell As-Sin (Deir ez-Zor) – (Shaker al-Shbib and Juan-Luis Montero Fenollós) ; 85. Gindaros (Aleppo) – (Ammar Abdulrahman) ; 86. El-Iss/Qinnasrin (Aleppo) – (Marie-Odile Rousset and Youssef Kanjou) ; 87. Resafa/Sergiopolis (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; 88. Resafa/Sergiupolis /Rusafat Hisham (Raqqa) – (Dorothée Sack and Martin Gussone) ; 89. Zenobia – Halabiya (Deir Ezzor) – (Sylvie Blétry) ; 90. Sergilla, Ruweiha and El Bâra (Idlib) – (Maamoun Abdulkarim and Gérard Charpentier) ; 91. Musaytbeh-Jableh (Lattakia) – (Massoud Badawi) ; 92. Deir Qinnsrin-Jarabulus (Aleppo) – (Mohamad Fakhro) ; 93. Tell el-Kasra (Deir ez-Zor) – (Yaroob al-Abdallah) ; 94. Syriac Inscriptions of Syria – (Françoise Briquel Chatonnet) ; 95. Sura (Raqqa) – (Ali Othman) ; 97. Tell Shayzar (Hama) – (Matthias Grawehr and Abdulsalam Albachkami) ; Chapter 4: Islamic Archaeology in Syria: 97. The Citadel of Shayzar (Hama) – (Cristina Tonghini) ; 98. Qalaat Al Mudiq/Apamean Citadel (Hama) – (Shaker al Shbib and Mathilde Gelin) ; 99. Tell Tuneinir (Hassake) – (Michael Fuller and Neathery Fuller) ; 100. Aleppo Castle (Aleppo) – (Assad Yusof and Youssef Kanjou) ; 101. Madinat el-Far/Hisn Maslama (Raqqa) – (Claus-Peter Haase) ; 102. Kharab Sayyar (Raqqa) – (Jan-Waalke Meyer) ; 103. Tell Damir (Raqqa) – (Anas Al Khabour) ; Synthesis: Syrian Archaeology in the Past, Present and Future – (Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki)