Biobanks in Healthcare

Nicole Arrighi is an associate professor at Côte d’Azur University and teacher–researcher in the Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes team (C3M, Nice), France. She is also the deputy director of the Biobanks and Complex Data Management master’s program.Paul Hofman is a professor and hospital practitioner in pathology at Côte d’Azur University, France. He is the director of the Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and the biobank at the Nice University Hospital. He leads a research team at the Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging and the OncoAge University Hospital Federation.

• Foreword ixAcknowledgments xiiiIntroduction xviiChapter 1 Biobanks, a Source of Human Samples and Health Data 11.1 From the collection of biological samples to the concept of a biobank 31.1.1 The biobank concept 61.1.2 The first biobank described in the Framingham study 71.1.3 Classification of human sample biobanks 81.2 Mapping of biobanks 131.2.1 The large catalog of European biobanks 151.2.2 International biobanks 171.2.3 The first results from the megacohorts 261.3 Process management in biobanks 341.3.1 Sample quality, the priority of biobanks 351.3.2 Protection of the human person and personal information 41Chapter 2 Biobanks in the Digital Age and Precision Medicine 512.1 Medical imaging biobanks 522.1.1 The UK Biobank prospective medical imaging study 532.1.2 The Rotterdam prospective imaging study 562.1.3 The German National Cohort 592.1.4 The European medical imaging biobank project 632.2 Radiomics data powered by digital technology 652.2.1 A multitude of application areas for biomarkers 672.2.2 Biomarkers in quantitative imaging 692.2.3. Artificial intelligence for automatic reading of medical images .. 742.3 The infallible traceability of biobank data 832.3.1 Automated sample flow, essential for population biobanks 832.3.2 Computerized management of clinicobiological annotations 852.3.3 International Biobanks of Excellence or Expert Centers 902.3.4 The FAIR principles of health data management 98Chapter 3 The Biobanking Lexicon 1013.1 Accreditation 1013.2 Anonymization (or de-identification) 1043.3 ANSM, the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products 1043.4 Artificial intelligence 1043.5 BBMRI, the coordinating center for European biobanks 1043.6 BBMRI-ERIC, the research infrastructure for biobanking 1053.7 BBMRI-ERIC Biobank of Excellence or Expert Center 1053.8 Biobank information management system (BIMS) 1053.9 Biobank or biological resource center (BRC) 1063.10 Biomarker 1063.11 Biospecimen 1063.12 Buffy coat 1083.13 Certification 1083.14 Clinical biobank 1093.15 Clinical research or clinical trials 1093.16 Clinical trial sponsor 1093.17 CNIL, the French National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties 1103.18 Cohort and megacohort 1103.19 Collection of biological samples 1103.20 Companion test 1113.21 Computed tomography (CT) 1113.22 CPP, the French Committee for the Protection of Individuals 1113.23 Data protection officer (DPO) 1113.24 Diagnostic biomarker 1123.25 Digital health or e-health 1123.26 Electronic case report form (eCRF) 1123.27 ESBB, the European, Middle Eastern and African Society for Biopreservation and Biobanking 1133.28 FDA, the US Food and Drug Administration 1133.29 Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue 1133.30 Free and informed consent 1143.31 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 1143.32 Imaging biobank 1153.33 Imaging biomarker 1153.34 ISBER, the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories 1153.35 ISO 20387:2018 Biotechnology – biobanking – general requirements for biobanking 1153.36 Laboratory information management system (LIMS) 1163.37 Liquid biopsy (in oncology) 1163.38 Machine learning and deep learning 1183.39 Medical imaging 1183.40 Microbiota 1183.41 Monitoring biomarker 1223.42 MTA or biological material transfer contract 1223.43 Nf S96-900 1243.44 Omics 1243.45 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 1243.46 Personalized or individualized medicine 1253.47 Pharmacodynamic/response biomarker 1253.48 Population biobanking 1253.49 Positron emission tomography (PET) 1253.50 Pre-analytical phase 1263.51 Precision medicine 1263.52 Predictive biomarker 1273.53 Prognostic biomarker 1273.54 Prospective study/survey 1273.55 Quality management system (QMS) 1273.56 QR code 1283.57 Radiomics 1283.58 Region of interest or volume of interest (ROI/VOI) 1283.59 Retrospective study/survey 1283.60 Standard operating procedures (SOPs) 1283.61 Stratified medicine 1293.62 The process of fixation and paraffin embedding 1293.63 Translational research 1303.64 Tumor biobank 131Conclusion 133Glossary 137References 145Index 159