Systematics and the Exploration of Life

Philippe Grandcolas is Senior Research Scientist at the CNRS and Director of the Institute of Systematics, Evolution, Biodiversity, France.Marie-Christine Maurel is Professor at Sorbonne University and Researcher at the Institute of Systematics, Evolution, Biodiversity, France.

• Introduction xiPhilippe GRANDCOLAS and Marie-Christine MAURELChapter 1 Symmetry of Shapes in Biology: from D'Arcy Thompson to Morphometrics 1Sylvain GERBER and Yoland SAVRIAMA1.1 Introduction 11.2 D'Arcy Thompson, symmetry and morphometrics 21.3 Isometries and symmetry groups 41.4 Biological asymmetries 51.5 Principles of geometric morphometrics 61.6 The treatment of symmetry in morphometrics 81.7 Some examples of applications 121.8 Conclusion 131.9 References 14Chapter 2 Impact of a Point Mutation in a Protein Structure 17Mathilde CARPENTIER and Jacques CHOMILIER2.1 Composition 172.2 Folding 182.3 Substitution(s) in protein structures 202.4 Effect on overall structure and function 202.5 Effect on stability 222.6 Effect on the peptide backbone 232.7 Conclusion 282.8 References 28Chapter 3 The Role of Taxonomy and Natural History in the Study of the Evolution of Eneopterinae Crickets 33Tony ROBILLARD3.1 Introduction 333.2 Taxonomy in modern comparative approaches 353.3 A model group 373.4 Contribution of taxonomy for phylogenetic reconstructions and classification 403.5 Contribution of taxonomy to biogeography 443.6 Taxonomic exploration and evolution of species traits 483.7 Conclusion 523.8 Acknowledgments 543.9 References 54Chapter 4 Systematics in the (Post)genomic Era: A Look at the Drosophila Model 61Amir YASSIN4.1 Drosophila: a star of genetics but a systematic nebula 614.2 Subspecies: identification of "genomic islands of divergence"? 634.3 Species complexes: congruence between species trees and gene trees 674.4 Supraspecific ranks: phylogeny, genome and morphome 704.5 Conclusion 734.6 Acknowledgments 744.7 References 74Chapter 5 Dealing with Multiple Environments: The Challenges of the Trypanosome Lifecycle 79Estefanía CALVO ALVAREZ and Philippe BASTIN5.1 Human African trypanosomiasis, the disease 795.2 Cell biology of Trypanosoma brucei 805.3 Survival and maturation of T brucei in the tsetse vector 845.4 Adaptations of T brucei to the mammalian host 925.5 Conclusion 995.6 References 99Chapter 6 Challenges Inherent in the Systematics and Taxonomy of Genera that have Recently Experienced Explosive Radiation: The Case of Orchids of the Genus Ophrys 113Joris BERTRAND, Michel BAGUETTE, Nina JOFFARD and Bertrand SCHATZ6.1 Introduction 1146.2 Speciation in Ophrys: an evolutionary divergence seen as a reticulated continuum 1156.3 Current state of knowledge on Ophrys systematics 1216.4 Integrative genomics and taxonomy: perspectives and issues 1256.5 Conclusion 1296.6 Acknowledgments 1306.7 References 130Chapter 7 Exploration and Origins of Biodiversity in Madagascar: The Message of Ferns 135Germinal ROUHAN and Myriam GAUDEUL7.1 Introduction 1357.2 Madagascar: a complex biogeographical context 1367.3 Ferns and lycophytes: an ideal model for the biogeography of Madagascar 1407.4 Origins of the lineages of ferns in Madagascar 1407.5 The example of Rumohra: dispersions to Madagascar and around the world 1427.6 Conclusion 1447.7 References 144Chapter 8 Mediterranean and Atlantic Algae, a Fraternal Relationship? 147Line LE GALL, Delphine GEY and Florence ROUSSEAU8.1 Introduction 1488.2 Materials and methods 1528.3 Results 1598.4 Discussion 1638.5 Acknowledgments 1648.6 References 165Chapter 9 Ontogeny and Evolution of the Hyperorgan of Delphinieae 171Florian JABBOUR, Julie ZALKO, Antoine MOREL, Samuel FRACHON and Isabelle BOUCHART-DUFAY9.1 Introduction 1719.2 Synorganization: a concept, definitions 1729.3 Ontogeny and evolution of the hyperorgan of Delphinieae 1749.4 The study of synorganization in evolutionary biology 1789.5 Conclusion 1819.6 Acknowledgments 1819.7 References 182Chapter 10 Identification of Interspecific Chromosomal Homologies: Chromosomal Microdissection and Chromosomal Painting in Antarctic Teleosts Nototheniidae 185Juliette AUVINET, Agnès DETTAÏ, Olivier CORITON, Catherine OZOUF-COSTAZ and Dominique HIGUET10.1 Introduction 18510.2 Materials and methods 19110.3 Results 19510.4 Discussion 19910.5 Conclusion 20410.6 References 205List of Authors 215Index 221