Marie Cauli is an anthropologist and professor emeritus at the University of Artois in Arras, France. Her current work explores health, development, training and digital issues.Laurence Favier is a professor of information and communication sciences at the University of Lille, France. Her current work focuses on the organization of knowledge, archives in the digital age and the digital transformation of the state.Jean-Yves Jeannas works at the University of Lille, France. He is an expert in the European working group DigComp, vice-president of the AFUL and a member of the CNIL's national "Digital Education" group.

• Introduction xiMarie CAULI, Laurence FAVIER and Jean-Yves JEANNASA 1Accessibility 1Nathalie PinèdeAgricultural Robotics 4Philippe Le GuernAnthropology 10Marie CauliArt and Robotics 14Philippe Le GuernArtificial Intelligence 18Jean-Michel LoubesB 23Between Digital Transformation and Cultural Evolution 23Ilham Mekrami-GuggenheimBlockchain 25Jean-Paul DelahayeBrain-Computer Interfaces 28Frédéric Dehais and Fabien LotteC 33Coding 33Nicolas PettiauxCommunication 35Serge TisseronCommunity 37Edwige PierotComputer 40Laurent BlochComputer Science 42Jean-Pierre ArchambaultComputer Security 47Gérard BerryContributory Economy 50François ElieContributory Governance 55Michel BriandCourse Guidance 58Francis DanversCritical Thinking (Education for) 61Marie CauliCrowdsourcing 65Laurence FavierD 69Data Economy 69Bruno DeffainsData, Information, Knowledge 73Serge AbiteboulDigital Commons 76Sébastien ShulzDigital Humanities 79Joana CasenaveDigital Inclusion 83Vincent MeyerDigital Skills Repositories 87Jean-Yves JeannasDigital Sovereignty 90François PellegriniDigital Transition 94Vincent MeyerDisability 98Nathalie PinèdeDiversity 101Samia GhozlaneE 105Eco-digital Responsibility 105Jean-Yves Jeannas and Marie CauliEducational Digital Technology 109Valèse Mapto KengneElectronic Voting 113Chantal EnguehardEmpathy 118Serge TisseronEthics 121Gilles DowekF 125File Formats 125Jean-Yves JeannasFormal Language 128Gilles DowekFree and Open Source Software 132Jean-Yves JeannasFree Licenses 135Jean-Yves JeannasFree Software (in French National Education) 139Jean-Pierre ArchambaultH 145Habitele 145Dominique BoullierHacking 148Éric ZuffereyHealth Data 151Marie CauliHuman-system 155Julien Cegarra and Jordan NavarroI 161Indexing 161Ismaïl TimimiInformation Ethics 164Widad Mustafa El HadiInnovation 170Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliInteroperability 174Fabrice PapyIntimacy/extimacy 176Serge TisseronIT (in General Education) 179Jacques BaudéIT (Teaching of) 183Jean-Pierre ArchambaultJ 187Jim Gray's Paradigm 187Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliK 191Knowledge Organization 191Widad Mustafa El HadiL 197Law (Professions of -) 197Christophe MondouLethal Autonomous Weapon Systems 201Thierry Berthier and Gérard de BoisboisselLibrary 206Laure Delrue and Julien RocheM 211Medical Imaging 211Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre PruvoMedicine, Health 216Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre PruvomHealth 220Bruno BoidinMilitary Robotics 224Thierry Berthier and Gérard de BoisboisselMobiquity 229Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliMOOCs 231Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliMuseums 234Corinne BaujardO 239Open Science (Dissemination) 239Julien RocheOpen Science (Origins) 243Julien RocheP 247Predictive Justice 247Bruno DeffainsProcessors 251Laurent BlochProprietary Licenses 255Juliette SénéchalR 261Rob'Autisme 261Sophie SakkaRob'Éduc 264Sophie SakkaRobotics and Society 267Sophie SakkaRouting 269Laurent BlochS 275Science Fiction 275Guy ThuillierSeniors (the Internet) 279Aline Chevalier and Mylène SanchizSmart City 283Ornella ZazaSocial Contract 287Bruno DeffainsSocial Network 291Zhenfei FengSociotics 293Vincent MeyerSource Code 297Roberto Di CosmoSurveillance Capitalism 300Christophe MasuttiSurveillance Studies 303Christophe MasuttiT 309Training 309Samia GhozlaneW 313Web 2.0 313Zhenfei FengWork 316Sarah Abdelnour and Dominique MédaGlossary 321List of Authors 329Index 333

Marie Cauli is an anthropologist and professor emeritus at the University of Artois in Arras, France. Her current work explores health, development, training and digital issues.Laurence Favier is a professor of information and communication sciences at the University of Lille, France. Her current work focuses on the organization of knowledge, archives in the digital age and the digital transformation of the state.Jean-Yves Jeannas works at the University of Lille, France. He is an expert in the European working group DigComp, vice-president of the AFUL and a member of the CNIL's national "Digital Education" group.

• Introduction xiMarie CAULI, Laurence FAVIER and Jean-Yves JEANNASA 1Accessibility 1Nathalie PinèdeAgricultural Robotics 4Philippe Le GuernAnthropology 10Marie CauliArt and Robotics 14Philippe Le GuernArtificial Intelligence 18Jean-Michel LoubesB 23Between Digital Transformation and Cultural Evolution 23Ilham Mekrami-GuggenheimBlockchain 25Jean-Paul DelahayeBrain-Computer Interfaces 28Frédéric Dehais and Fabien LotteC 33Coding 33Nicolas PettiauxCommunication 35Serge TisseronCommunity 37Edwige PierotComputer 40Laurent BlochComputer Science 42Jean-Pierre ArchambaultComputer Security 47Gérard BerryContributory Economy 50François ElieContributory Governance 55Michel BriandCourse Guidance 58Francis DanversCritical Thinking (Education for) 61Marie CauliCrowdsourcing 65Laurence FavierD 69Data Economy 69Bruno DeffainsData, Information, Knowledge 73Serge AbiteboulDigital Commons 76Sébastien ShulzDigital Humanities 79Joana CasenaveDigital Inclusion 83Vincent MeyerDigital Skills Repositories 87Jean-Yves JeannasDigital Sovereignty 90François PellegriniDigital Transition 94Vincent MeyerDisability 98Nathalie PinèdeDiversity 101Samia GhozlaneE 105Eco-digital Responsibility 105Jean-Yves Jeannas and Marie CauliEducational Digital Technology 109Valèse Mapto KengneElectronic Voting 113Chantal EnguehardEmpathy 118Serge TisseronEthics 121Gilles DowekF 125File Formats 125Jean-Yves JeannasFormal Language 128Gilles DowekFree and Open Source Software 132Jean-Yves JeannasFree Licenses 135Jean-Yves JeannasFree Software (in French National Education) 139Jean-Pierre ArchambaultH 145Habitele 145Dominique BoullierHacking 148Éric ZuffereyHealth Data 151Marie CauliHuman-system 155Julien Cegarra and Jordan NavarroI 161Indexing 161Ismaïl TimimiInformation Ethics 164Widad Mustafa El HadiInnovation 170Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliInteroperability 174Fabrice PapyIntimacy/extimacy 176Serge TisseronIT (in General Education) 179Jacques BaudéIT (Teaching of) 183Jean-Pierre ArchambaultJ 187Jim Gray's Paradigm 187Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliK 191Knowledge Organization 191Widad Mustafa El HadiL 197Law (Professions of -) 197Christophe MondouLethal Autonomous Weapon Systems 201Thierry Berthier and Gérard de BoisboisselLibrary 206Laure Delrue and Julien RocheM 211Medical Imaging 211Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre PruvoMedicine, Health 216Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre PruvomHealth 220Bruno BoidinMilitary Robotics 224Thierry Berthier and Gérard de BoisboisselMobiquity 229Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliMOOCs 231Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliMuseums 234Corinne BaujardO 239Open Science (Dissemination) 239Julien RocheOpen Science (Origins) 243Julien RocheP 247Predictive Justice 247Bruno DeffainsProcessors 251Laurent BlochProprietary Licenses 255Juliette SénéchalR 261Rob'Autisme 261Sophie SakkaRob'Éduc 264Sophie SakkaRobotics and Society 267Sophie SakkaRouting 269Laurent BlochS 275Science Fiction 275Guy ThuillierSeniors (the Internet) 279Aline Chevalier and Mylène SanchizSmart City 283Ornella ZazaSocial Contract 287Bruno DeffainsSocial Network 291Zhenfei FengSociotics 293Vincent MeyerSource Code 297Roberto Di CosmoSurveillance Capitalism 300Christophe MasuttiSurveillance Studies 303Christophe MasuttiT 309Training 309Samia GhozlaneW 313Web 2.0 313Zhenfei FengWork 316Sarah Abdelnour and Dominique MédaGlossary 321List of Authors 329Index 333

Marie Cauli is an anthropologist and professor emeritus at the University of Artois in Arras, France. Her current work explores health, development, training and digital issues.Laurence Favier is a professor of information and communication sciences at the University of Lille, France. Her current work focuses on the organization of knowledge, archives in the digital age and the digital transformation of the state.Jean-Yves Jeannas works at the University of Lille, France. He is an expert in the European working group DigComp, vice-president of the AFUL and a member of the CNIL's national "Digital Education" group.

• Introduction xiMarie CAULI, Laurence FAVIER and Jean-Yves JEANNASA 1Accessibility 1Nathalie PinèdeAgricultural Robotics 4Philippe Le GuernAnthropology 10Marie CauliArt and Robotics 14Philippe Le GuernArtificial Intelligence 18Jean-Michel LoubesB 23Between Digital Transformation and Cultural Evolution 23Ilham Mekrami-GuggenheimBlockchain 25Jean-Paul DelahayeBrain-Computer Interfaces 28Frédéric Dehais and Fabien LotteC 33Coding 33Nicolas PettiauxCommunication 35Serge TisseronCommunity 37Edwige PierotComputer 40Laurent BlochComputer Science 42Jean-Pierre ArchambaultComputer Security 47Gérard BerryContributory Economy 50François ElieContributory Governance 55Michel BriandCourse Guidance 58Francis DanversCritical Thinking (Education for) 61Marie CauliCrowdsourcing 65Laurence FavierD 69Data Economy 69Bruno DeffainsData, Information, Knowledge 73Serge AbiteboulDigital Commons 76Sébastien ShulzDigital Humanities 79Joana CasenaveDigital Inclusion 83Vincent MeyerDigital Skills Repositories 87Jean-Yves JeannasDigital Sovereignty 90François PellegriniDigital Transition 94Vincent MeyerDisability 98Nathalie PinèdeDiversity 101Samia GhozlaneE 105Eco-digital Responsibility 105Jean-Yves Jeannas and Marie CauliEducational Digital Technology 109Valèse Mapto KengneElectronic Voting 113Chantal EnguehardEmpathy 118Serge TisseronEthics 121Gilles DowekF 125File Formats 125Jean-Yves JeannasFormal Language 128Gilles DowekFree and Open Source Software 132Jean-Yves JeannasFree Licenses 135Jean-Yves JeannasFree Software (in French National Education) 139Jean-Pierre ArchambaultH 145Habitele 145Dominique BoullierHacking 148Éric ZuffereyHealth Data 151Marie CauliHuman-system 155Julien Cegarra and Jordan NavarroI 161Indexing 161Ismaïl TimimiInformation Ethics 164Widad Mustafa El HadiInnovation 170Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliInteroperability 174Fabrice PapyIntimacy/extimacy 176Serge TisseronIT (in General Education) 179Jacques BaudéIT (Teaching of) 183Jean-Pierre ArchambaultJ 187Jim Gray's Paradigm 187Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliK 191Knowledge Organization 191Widad Mustafa El HadiL 197Law (Professions of -) 197Christophe MondouLethal Autonomous Weapon Systems 201Thierry Berthier and Gérard de BoisboisselLibrary 206Laure Delrue and Julien RocheM 211Medical Imaging 211Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre PruvoMedicine, Health 216Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre PruvomHealth 220Bruno BoidinMilitary Robotics 224Thierry Berthier and Gérard de BoisboisselMobiquity 229Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliMOOCs 231Serge Miranda and Manel GuechtouliMuseums 234Corinne BaujardO 239Open Science (Dissemination) 239Julien RocheOpen Science (Origins) 243Julien RocheP 247Predictive Justice 247Bruno DeffainsProcessors 251Laurent BlochProprietary Licenses 255Juliette SénéchalR 261Rob'Autisme 261Sophie SakkaRob'Éduc 264Sophie SakkaRobotics and Society 267Sophie SakkaRouting 269Laurent BlochS 275Science Fiction 275Guy ThuillierSeniors (the Internet) 279Aline Chevalier and Mylène SanchizSmart City 283Ornella ZazaSocial Contract 287Bruno DeffainsSocial Network 291Zhenfei FengSociotics 293Vincent MeyerSource Code 297Roberto Di CosmoSurveillance Capitalism 300Christophe MasuttiSurveillance Studies 303Christophe MasuttiT 309Training 309Samia GhozlaneW 313Web 2.0 313Zhenfei FengWork 316Sarah Abdelnour and Dominique MédaGlossary 321List of Authors 329Index 333