Rajdeep Chakraborty is Associate Professor in Computer Science and Engineering at the University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, India.Anupam Ghosh is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Netaji Subhash Engineering College in Kolkata, India, and is Head of the same department.Jyotsna Kumar Mandal is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Kalyani, India.Tanupriya Choudhury is Professor at Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Lavale Campus of Symbiosis International University in Pune, India.Prasenjit Chatterjee is Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Dean (Research and Consultancy) at MCKV Institute of Engineering, India.

• Preface xiiiRajdeep CHAKRABORTYAcknowledgments xviiChapter 1 Introduction to Operations Research Methodologies 1Trishit BANERJEE and Arup DASGUPTA1.1 Introduction 11.2 Decision-making framework/models for operations research 31.3 Operations research in IoT, IIoT, edge and smart edge computing, sensor data 81.4 Paradigms and procedures 111.5 Conclusion 181.6 References 19Chapter 2 Edge Computing: The Foundation, Emergence and Growing Applications 25P.K PAUL2.1 Introduction 252.2 Objective of the work 272.3 Methods adopted 272.4 Edge computing and edge cloud: basics 272.5 Edge computing and edge devices 292.6 Edge computing: working fashions, buying and deploying and 5G 292.7 Functions and features of edge computing 302.8 Edge computing: applications and examples 322.9 Drawbacks, obstacles and issues in edge computing 382.10 Edge computing, cloud computing and Internet of Things: some concerns 392.11 Future and emergence of edge computing 412.12 Conclusion 422.13 Acknowledgment 432.14 References 43Chapter 3 Utilization of Edge Computing in Digital Education: A Conceptual Overview 47Ritam CHATTERJEE3.1 Introduction 473.2 Objectives 483.3 Methodology used 493.4 Digital education 493.5 Education and information science 493.6 Edge computing 513.7 Conclusion 613.8 Acknowledgment 613.9 References 61Chapter 4 Edge Computing with Operations Research Using IoT Devices in Healthcare: Concepts, Tools, Techniques and Use Cases 65Shalini RAMANATHAN, Mohan RAMASUNDARAM, Tauheed KHAN MOHD and Anabel PINEDA-BRISENO4.1 Overview 664.2 The smartness of edge across artificial intelligence with the IoT 684.3 Promising approaches in edge healthcare system 744.4 Impact of smartphones on edge computing 774.5 Tools, techniques and use cases 844.6 Significant forthcomings of edge healthcare IoT 894.7 Software and hardware companies developing healthcare tools 904.8 Summary 904.9 References 91Chapter 5 Performance Measures in Edge Computing Using the Queuing Model 97Shillpi MISHRRA5.1 Introduction 975.2 Methodology 1005.3 Conclusion 1095.4 Future scope 1095.5 References 109Chapter 6 A Smart Payment Transaction Procedure by Smart Edge Computing 113Animesh UPADHYAYA, Koushik MUKHOPADHYAY, Amejul ISLAM, Shaon Kalyan MODAK and Debdutta PAL6.1 Introduction 1136.2 Related works 1156.3 Ethereum 1166.4 Ethereum’s components 1186.5 General-purpose blockchains to decentralized applications (DApps) 1206.6 Ether currency units 1216.7 Ethereum wallet 1216.8 A simple contract: a test Ether faucet 1236.9 Ethereum clients 1256.10 Conclusion 1296.11 References 129Chapter 7 Statistical Learning Approach for the Detection of Abnormalities in Cancer Cells for Finding Indication of Metastasis 133Soumen SANTRA, Dipankar MAJUMDAR and Surajit MANDAL7.1 Introduction 1337.2 Edge computation: a new era 1377.3 Impact of edge computation in cancer treatment 1387.4 Assessment parameters operational methodologies 1397.5 Shape descriptor analysis: statistical approach 1417.6 Results and discussion 1417.7 Conclusion 1457.8 References 146Chapter 8 Overcoming the Stigma of Alzheimer’s Disease by Means of Natural Language Processing as well as Blockchain Technologies 149Kaveri BANERJEE, Priyanka BHATTACHARYA, Sandip ROY and Rajesh BOSE8.1 Introduction 1508.2 Alzheimer’s disease 1528.3 Alzheimer’s disease types 1538.4 NLP in chat-bots/AI companions 1558.5 Proposed methodologies for reduction of stigma 1588.6 Blockchain technology for securing all medical data 1608.7 Conclusion 1708.8 Future scope 1708.9 Acknowledgments 1718.10 References 171Chapter 9 Computer Vision-based Edge Computing System to Detect Health Informatics for Oral Pre-Cancer 175Animesh UPADHYAYA, Vertika RAI, Surajit BOSE, Dipankar BHATTACHARYA and Jayanta CHATTOPADHYAY9.1 Introduction 1759.2 Related works 1779.3 Materials and methods 1779.4 Results 1839.5 Conclusion 1859.6 References 186Chapter 10 A Study of Ultra-lightweight Ciphers and Security Protocol for Edge Computing 189Debasmita PAUL, Aheli ACHARYA and Debajyoti GUHA10.1 Introduction 18910.2 Ultra-lightweight ciphers 19210.3 Ultra-lightweight security protocols 20310.3.4 Comparison between LEAP, MIFARE and RFB protocols 21010.4 Conclusion 21110.5 References 213Chapter 11 A Study on Security Protocols, Threats and Probable Solutions for Internet of Things Using Blockchain 215Debajyoti GUHA11.1 Introduction 21611.2 IoT architecture and security challenges 21711.3 Security threat classifications 21811.4 Security solutions for IoT 22111.5 Blockchain-based IoT paradigm: security and privacy issues 22411.6 IoT Messaging Protocols 22611.7 Advantages of edge computing 23011.8 Conclusion 23111.9 References 231List of Authors 237Index 241

Rajdeep Chakraborty is Associate Professor in Computer Science and Engineering at the University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, India.Anupam Ghosh is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Netaji Subhash Engineering College in Kolkata, India, and is Head of the same department.Jyotsna Kumar Mandal is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Kalyani, India.Tanupriya Choudhury is Professor at Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Lavale Campus of Symbiosis International University in Pune, India.Prasenjit Chatterjee is Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Dean (Research and Consultancy) at MCKV Institute of Engineering, India.

• Preface xiiiRajdeep CHAKRABORTYAcknowledgments xviiChapter 1 Introduction to Operations Research Methodologies 1Trishit BANERJEE and Arup DASGUPTA1.1 Introduction 11.2 Decision-making framework/models for operations research 31.3 Operations research in IoT, IIoT, edge and smart edge computing, sensor data 81.4 Paradigms and procedures 111.5 Conclusion 181.6 References 19Chapter 2 Edge Computing: The Foundation, Emergence and Growing Applications 25P.K PAUL2.1 Introduction 252.2 Objective of the work 272.3 Methods adopted 272.4 Edge computing and edge cloud: basics 272.5 Edge computing and edge devices 292.6 Edge computing: working fashions, buying and deploying and 5G 292.7 Functions and features of edge computing 302.8 Edge computing: applications and examples 322.9 Drawbacks, obstacles and issues in edge computing 382.10 Edge computing, cloud computing and Internet of Things: some concerns 392.11 Future and emergence of edge computing 412.12 Conclusion 422.13 Acknowledgment 432.14 References 43Chapter 3 Utilization of Edge Computing in Digital Education: A Conceptual Overview 47Ritam CHATTERJEE3.1 Introduction 473.2 Objectives 483.3 Methodology used 493.4 Digital education 493.5 Education and information science 493.6 Edge computing 513.7 Conclusion 613.8 Acknowledgment 613.9 References 61Chapter 4 Edge Computing with Operations Research Using IoT Devices in Healthcare: Concepts, Tools, Techniques and Use Cases 65Shalini RAMANATHAN, Mohan RAMASUNDARAM, Tauheed KHAN MOHD and Anabel PINEDA-BRISENO4.1 Overview 664.2 The smartness of edge across artificial intelligence with the IoT 684.3 Promising approaches in edge healthcare system 744.4 Impact of smartphones on edge computing 774.5 Tools, techniques and use cases 844.6 Significant forthcomings of edge healthcare IoT 894.7 Software and hardware companies developing healthcare tools 904.8 Summary 904.9 References 91Chapter 5 Performance Measures in Edge Computing Using the Queuing Model 97Shillpi MISHRRA5.1 Introduction 975.2 Methodology 1005.3 Conclusion 1095.4 Future scope 1095.5 References 109Chapter 6 A Smart Payment Transaction Procedure by Smart Edge Computing 113Animesh UPADHYAYA, Koushik MUKHOPADHYAY, Amejul ISLAM, Shaon Kalyan MODAK and Debdutta PAL6.1 Introduction 1136.2 Related works 1156.3 Ethereum 1166.4 Ethereum’s components 1186.5 General-purpose blockchains to decentralized applications (DApps) 1206.6 Ether currency units 1216.7 Ethereum wallet 1216.8 A simple contract: a test Ether faucet 1236.9 Ethereum clients 1256.10 Conclusion 1296.11 References 129Chapter 7 Statistical Learning Approach for the Detection of Abnormalities in Cancer Cells for Finding Indication of Metastasis 133Soumen SANTRA, Dipankar MAJUMDAR and Surajit MANDAL7.1 Introduction 1337.2 Edge computation: a new era 1377.3 Impact of edge computation in cancer treatment 1387.4 Assessment parameters operational methodologies 1397.5 Shape descriptor analysis: statistical approach 1417.6 Results and discussion 1417.7 Conclusion 1457.8 References 146Chapter 8 Overcoming the Stigma of Alzheimer’s Disease by Means of Natural Language Processing as well as Blockchain Technologies 149Kaveri BANERJEE, Priyanka BHATTACHARYA, Sandip ROY and Rajesh BOSE8.1 Introduction 1508.2 Alzheimer’s disease 1528.3 Alzheimer’s disease types 1538.4 NLP in chat-bots/AI companions 1558.5 Proposed methodologies for reduction of stigma 1588.6 Blockchain technology for securing all medical data 1608.7 Conclusion 1708.8 Future scope 1708.9 Acknowledgments 1718.10 References 171Chapter 9 Computer Vision-based Edge Computing System to Detect Health Informatics for Oral Pre-Cancer 175Animesh UPADHYAYA, Vertika RAI, Surajit BOSE, Dipankar BHATTACHARYA and Jayanta CHATTOPADHYAY9.1 Introduction 1759.2 Related works 1779.3 Materials and methods 1779.4 Results 1839.5 Conclusion 1859.6 References 186Chapter 10 A Study of Ultra-lightweight Ciphers and Security Protocol for Edge Computing 189Debasmita PAUL, Aheli ACHARYA and Debajyoti GUHA10.1 Introduction 18910.2 Ultra-lightweight ciphers 19210.3 Ultra-lightweight security protocols 20310.3.4 Comparison between LEAP, MIFARE and RFB protocols 21010.4 Conclusion 21110.5 References 213Chapter 11 A Study on Security Protocols, Threats and Probable Solutions for Internet of Things Using Blockchain 215Debajyoti GUHA11.1 Introduction 21611.2 IoT architecture and security challenges 21711.3 Security threat classifications 21811.4 Security solutions for IoT 22111.5 Blockchain-based IoT paradigm: security and privacy issues 22411.6 IoT Messaging Protocols 22611.7 Advantages of edge computing 23011.8 Conclusion 23111.9 References 231List of Authors 237Index 241

Rajdeep Chakraborty is Associate Professor in Computer Science and Engineering at the University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, India.Anupam Ghosh is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Netaji Subhash Engineering College in Kolkata, India, and is Head of the same department.Jyotsna Kumar Mandal is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Kalyani, India.Tanupriya Choudhury is Professor at Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Lavale Campus of Symbiosis International University in Pune, India.Prasenjit Chatterjee is Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Dean (Research and Consultancy) at MCKV Institute of Engineering, India.

• Preface xiiiRajdeep CHAKRABORTYAcknowledgments xviiChapter 1 Introduction to Operations Research Methodologies 1Trishit BANERJEE and Arup DASGUPTA1.1 Introduction 11.2 Decision-making framework/models for operations research 31.3 Operations research in IoT, IIoT, edge and smart edge computing, sensor data 81.4 Paradigms and procedures 111.5 Conclusion 181.6 References 19Chapter 2 Edge Computing: The Foundation, Emergence and Growing Applications 25P.K PAUL2.1 Introduction 252.2 Objective of the work 272.3 Methods adopted 272.4 Edge computing and edge cloud: basics 272.5 Edge computing and edge devices 292.6 Edge computing: working fashions, buying and deploying and 5G 292.7 Functions and features of edge computing 302.8 Edge computing: applications and examples 322.9 Drawbacks, obstacles and issues in edge computing 382.10 Edge computing, cloud computing and Internet of Things: some concerns 392.11 Future and emergence of edge computing 412.12 Conclusion 422.13 Acknowledgment 432.14 References 43Chapter 3 Utilization of Edge Computing in Digital Education: A Conceptual Overview 47Ritam CHATTERJEE3.1 Introduction 473.2 Objectives 483.3 Methodology used 493.4 Digital education 493.5 Education and information science 493.6 Edge computing 513.7 Conclusion 613.8 Acknowledgment 613.9 References 61Chapter 4 Edge Computing with Operations Research Using IoT Devices in Healthcare: Concepts, Tools, Techniques and Use Cases 65Shalini RAMANATHAN, Mohan RAMASUNDARAM, Tauheed KHAN MOHD and Anabel PINEDA-BRISENO4.1 Overview 664.2 The smartness of edge across artificial intelligence with the IoT 684.3 Promising approaches in edge healthcare system 744.4 Impact of smartphones on edge computing 774.5 Tools, techniques and use cases 844.6 Significant forthcomings of edge healthcare IoT 894.7 Software and hardware companies developing healthcare tools 904.8 Summary 904.9 References 91Chapter 5 Performance Measures in Edge Computing Using the Queuing Model 97Shillpi MISHRRA5.1 Introduction 975.2 Methodology 1005.3 Conclusion 1095.4 Future scope 1095.5 References 109Chapter 6 A Smart Payment Transaction Procedure by Smart Edge Computing 113Animesh UPADHYAYA, Koushik MUKHOPADHYAY, Amejul ISLAM, Shaon Kalyan MODAK and Debdutta PAL6.1 Introduction 1136.2 Related works 1156.3 Ethereum 1166.4 Ethereum’s components 1186.5 General-purpose blockchains to decentralized applications (DApps) 1206.6 Ether currency units 1216.7 Ethereum wallet 1216.8 A simple contract: a test Ether faucet 1236.9 Ethereum clients 1256.10 Conclusion 1296.11 References 129Chapter 7 Statistical Learning Approach for the Detection of Abnormalities in Cancer Cells for Finding Indication of Metastasis 133Soumen SANTRA, Dipankar MAJUMDAR and Surajit MANDAL7.1 Introduction 1337.2 Edge computation: a new era 1377.3 Impact of edge computation in cancer treatment 1387.4 Assessment parameters operational methodologies 1397.5 Shape descriptor analysis: statistical approach 1417.6 Results and discussion 1417.7 Conclusion 1457.8 References 146Chapter 8 Overcoming the Stigma of Alzheimer’s Disease by Means of Natural Language Processing as well as Blockchain Technologies 149Kaveri BANERJEE, Priyanka BHATTACHARYA, Sandip ROY and Rajesh BOSE8.1 Introduction 1508.2 Alzheimer’s disease 1528.3 Alzheimer’s disease types 1538.4 NLP in chat-bots/AI companions 1558.5 Proposed methodologies for reduction of stigma 1588.6 Blockchain technology for securing all medical data 1608.7 Conclusion 1708.8 Future scope 1708.9 Acknowledgments 1718.10 References 171Chapter 9 Computer Vision-based Edge Computing System to Detect Health Informatics for Oral Pre-Cancer 175Animesh UPADHYAYA, Vertika RAI, Surajit BOSE, Dipankar BHATTACHARYA and Jayanta CHATTOPADHYAY9.1 Introduction 1759.2 Related works 1779.3 Materials and methods 1779.4 Results 1839.5 Conclusion 1859.6 References 186Chapter 10 A Study of Ultra-lightweight Ciphers and Security Protocol for Edge Computing 189Debasmita PAUL, Aheli ACHARYA and Debajyoti GUHA10.1 Introduction 18910.2 Ultra-lightweight ciphers 19210.3 Ultra-lightweight security protocols 20310.3.4 Comparison between LEAP, MIFARE and RFB protocols 21010.4 Conclusion 21110.5 References 213Chapter 11 A Study on Security Protocols, Threats and Probable Solutions for Internet of Things Using Blockchain 215Debajyoti GUHA11.1 Introduction 21611.2 IoT architecture and security challenges 21711.3 Security threat classifications 21811.4 Security solutions for IoT 22111.5 Blockchain-based IoT paradigm: security and privacy issues 22411.6 IoT Messaging Protocols 22611.7 Advantages of edge computing 23011.8 Conclusion 23111.9 References 231List of Authors 237Index 241