Dr Peter Neuenschwander is an Emeritus Scientist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), based in Benin. Formerly Director of the IITA's Plant Health Management Division, he has worked on integrated pest management (IPM) projects in over 25 countries.Dr Manuele Tamò is an insect ecologist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Benin, with a particular focus on IPM in cereal-legume systems. He has worked with organisation such as AVRDC, ICRISAT and AfriceRice on IPM projects in many countries. Djana Mignouna is an Agricultural Economist in charge of M&E of YIIFSWA Project for IITA. Djana supports market development for various crops and led research on technology adoption, consumer acceptance and impact assessment. He has led the development and implementation of over 10 household and sector level surveys in Africa. He has 11+ years of experience working in international development, private sector and economics research.

"With concerns about climate change, loss of biodiversity and the need to feed an ever-growing human population, the book provides a valuable reference on the need to develop IPM giving greater emphasis to the environment. This is necessary with the future of farming changing with new technology, including precision agriculture, digitalisation, robotics and new genetic engineering technology."International Pest Control – review by Emeritus Professor Graham Matthews, Imperial College London, UK

• Part 1 Managing threats to plant health1.Key challenges in plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: stakeholder priorities: Kenton Dashiell, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; 2.Introduction: meeting challenges in plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: Peter Neuenschwander and Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; 3.Disease surveillance, diagnostics and germplasm health in crop protection: P. Lava Kumar, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; James P. Legg, IITA, Tanzania; Maria Ayodele, IITA, Nigeria; George Mahuku, IITA, Tanzania; and Alejandro Ortega-Beltran and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Nigeria; 4.Conserving and exploiting biodiversity in crop cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa: Georg Goergen and Peter Neuenschwander, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and Danny Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; 5.Viruses affecting African crops and their vectors: James P. Legg, IITA, Tanzania, P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; George Mahuku, IITA, Tanzania, Everlyne Wosula, IITA, Tanzania; Livia Stavolone, IITA, Nigeria; Eugene Terry, New Markets Lab, USA; and Nilsa Bosque-Pérez, University of Idaho, USA; Part 2 Plant health in practice: managing threats to key African crops6.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: cassava: Muaka Toko and Peter Neuenschwander, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; J. Steve Yaninek, Purdue University, USA; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; André Fanou and Victor Zinsou, Université de Parakou, Benin; Kerstin D. Wydra, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany; Rachid Hanna and Appolin Fotso, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cameroon; and Ouorou Douro-Kpindou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; 7.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: maize: Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Kitty F. Cardwell, Oklahoma State University, USA; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Fritz Schulthess, Rheinstrasse 160, Switzerland; William Meikle, USDA-ARS, USA; Mamoudou Sétamou, Texas A&M University, USA; and Peter J. Cotty, USDA-ARS, USA; 8.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: yam, taro and cocoyam: Babatima Djana Mignouna, IITA, Benin; P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; Danny Coyne, IITA, Kenya; and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Ranjana Bhattacharjee and David De Koeyer, IITA, Nigeria; 9.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: banana and plantain: Stefan Hauser, IITA, Nigeria; Clifford Gold, Nevada City, USA; Cornelia Pasberg-Gauhl and Friedhelm Gauhl, FG-Inter-Agro-Consult KG, Austria; Juliet Akello, IITA, Zambia; Kim Jacobsen, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium; Lindsey Norgrove, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland; Daniel Coyne, IITA, Kenya; P. Lava Kumar, IITA Tanzania; George Mahuku, Manoj Kaushal, IITA, Tanzania; Valentine Nakato, IITA, Uganda; and Leena Tripathi and Jaindra Tripathi, IITA, Kenya; 10.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: legumes: Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Léonard Afouda, Université de Parakou, Bénin; Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Harry Bottenberg, United States Agency for International Development, USA; Laura Cortada-Gonzales, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; Harun Murithi, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Tanzania; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Barry Pittendrigh, Michigan State University, USA; Rachidatou Sikirou, Institut National des Recherches Agricoles au Bénin, Benin; Abou Togola, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; and Kerstin D. Wydra, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany; 11.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: vegetables: Ignace Godonou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Catholic University of West Africa, Benin; May-Guri Saethre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Ghislain Tepa-Yotto, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Benin; Désiré Gnanvossou and Ouorou Douro-Kpindou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and Danny Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; 12.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: fruit and other tree crops: Peter Neuenschwander and Désiré Gnanvossou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Stefan Hauser, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Georg Goergen, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Rachid Hanna, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cameroon; Lindsey Norgrove, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland; and Koffi Negloh and Cyriaque Agboton, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Part 3 Integrated pest management: putting it all together and exchange of knowledge with farmers13.Commercial products promoting plant health in African agriculture: Frederick Schreurs and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Nigeria; Christiaan Kooyman, IITA, Kenya; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran and Adebowale Akande, IITA, Nigeria; Matieyedou Konlambigue, IITA, Ghana; and Niels Van den Bosch, IITA, Nigeria; 14.Weeds affecting field crops and water bodies in Africa: David Chikoye, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Zambia; Friday Ekeleme, Stefan Hauser, Abebe Menkir and Alpha Y. Kamara, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Peter Neuenschwander and Obinna Ajuonu, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bénin; and Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nigeria; 15.Making integrated pest management (IPM) work in sub-Saharan Africa: Danny Coyne, IITA, Kenya; Michael Abberton, IITA, Nigeria; Sounkoura Adetonah, IITA, Bénin; Maria Ayodele, IITA, Nigeria; Laura Cortada-Gonzales, IITA, Kenya; Brice Gbaguidi, IITA, Bénin; Stefan Hauser and P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; Peter Neuenschwander, IITA, Bénin; Marc Schut, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Manuele Tamò, IITA, Benin; and Abou Togola, IITA, Nigeria; Part 4 Conclusions and future challenges16.Improving plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: conclusions and future challenges: Peter Neuenschwander and Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and May-Guri Sæthre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria;

Dr Peter Neuenschwander is an Emeritus Scientist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), based in Benin. Formerly Director of the IITA's Plant Health Management Division, he has worked on integrated pest management (IPM) projects in over 25 countries.Dr Manuele Tamò is an insect ecologist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Benin, with a particular focus on IPM in cereal-legume systems. He has worked with organisation such as AVRDC, ICRISAT and AfriceRice on IPM projects in many countries. Djana Mignouna is an Agricultural Economist in charge of M&E of YIIFSWA Project for IITA. Djana supports market development for various crops and led research on technology adoption, consumer acceptance and impact assessment. He has led the development and implementation of over 10 household and sector level surveys in Africa. He has 11+ years of experience working in international development, private sector and economics research.

"With concerns about climate change, loss of biodiversity and the need to feed an ever-growing human population, the book provides a valuable reference on the need to develop IPM giving greater emphasis to the environment. This is necessary with the future of farming changing with new technology, including precision agriculture, digitalisation, robotics and new genetic engineering technology."International Pest Control – review by Emeritus Professor Graham Matthews, Imperial College London, UK

• Part 1 Managing threats to plant health1.Key challenges in plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: stakeholder priorities: Kenton Dashiell, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; 2.Introduction: meeting challenges in plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: Peter Neuenschwander and Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; 3.Disease surveillance, diagnostics and germplasm health in crop protection: P. Lava Kumar, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; James P. Legg, IITA, Tanzania; Maria Ayodele, IITA, Nigeria; George Mahuku, IITA, Tanzania; and Alejandro Ortega-Beltran and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Nigeria; 4.Conserving and exploiting biodiversity in crop cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa: Georg Goergen and Peter Neuenschwander, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and Danny Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; 5.Viruses affecting African crops and their vectors: James P. Legg, IITA, Tanzania, P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; George Mahuku, IITA, Tanzania, Everlyne Wosula, IITA, Tanzania; Livia Stavolone, IITA, Nigeria; Eugene Terry, New Markets Lab, USA; and Nilsa Bosque-Pérez, University of Idaho, USA; Part 2 Plant health in practice: managing threats to key African crops6.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: cassava: Muaka Toko and Peter Neuenschwander, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; J. Steve Yaninek, Purdue University, USA; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; André Fanou and Victor Zinsou, Université de Parakou, Benin; Kerstin D. Wydra, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany; Rachid Hanna and Appolin Fotso, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cameroon; and Ouorou Douro-Kpindou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; 7.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: maize: Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Kitty F. Cardwell, Oklahoma State University, USA; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Fritz Schulthess, Rheinstrasse 160, Switzerland; William Meikle, USDA-ARS, USA; Mamoudou Sétamou, Texas A&M University, USA; and Peter J. Cotty, USDA-ARS, USA; 8.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: yam, taro and cocoyam: Babatima Djana Mignouna, IITA, Benin; P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; Danny Coyne, IITA, Kenya; and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Ranjana Bhattacharjee and David De Koeyer, IITA, Nigeria; 9.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: banana and plantain: Stefan Hauser, IITA, Nigeria; Clifford Gold, Nevada City, USA; Cornelia Pasberg-Gauhl and Friedhelm Gauhl, FG-Inter-Agro-Consult KG, Austria; Juliet Akello, IITA, Zambia; Kim Jacobsen, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium; Lindsey Norgrove, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland; Daniel Coyne, IITA, Kenya; P. Lava Kumar, IITA Tanzania; George Mahuku, Manoj Kaushal, IITA, Tanzania; Valentine Nakato, IITA, Uganda; and Leena Tripathi and Jaindra Tripathi, IITA, Kenya; 10.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: legumes: Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Léonard Afouda, Université de Parakou, Bénin; Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Harry Bottenberg, United States Agency for International Development, USA; Laura Cortada-Gonzales, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; Harun Murithi, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Tanzania; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Barry Pittendrigh, Michigan State University, USA; Rachidatou Sikirou, Institut National des Recherches Agricoles au Bénin, Benin; Abou Togola, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; and Kerstin D. Wydra, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany; 11.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: vegetables: Ignace Godonou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Catholic University of West Africa, Benin; May-Guri Saethre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Ghislain Tepa-Yotto, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Benin; Désiré Gnanvossou and Ouorou Douro-Kpindou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and Danny Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; 12.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: fruit and other tree crops: Peter Neuenschwander and Désiré Gnanvossou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Stefan Hauser, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Georg Goergen, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Rachid Hanna, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cameroon; Lindsey Norgrove, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland; and Koffi Negloh and Cyriaque Agboton, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Part 3 Integrated pest management: putting it all together and exchange of knowledge with farmers13.Commercial products promoting plant health in African agriculture: Frederick Schreurs and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Nigeria; Christiaan Kooyman, IITA, Kenya; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran and Adebowale Akande, IITA, Nigeria; Matieyedou Konlambigue, IITA, Ghana; and Niels Van den Bosch, IITA, Nigeria; 14.Weeds affecting field crops and water bodies in Africa: David Chikoye, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Zambia; Friday Ekeleme, Stefan Hauser, Abebe Menkir and Alpha Y. Kamara, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Peter Neuenschwander and Obinna Ajuonu, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bénin; and Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nigeria; 15.Making integrated pest management (IPM) work in sub-Saharan Africa: Danny Coyne, IITA, Kenya; Michael Abberton, IITA, Nigeria; Sounkoura Adetonah, IITA, Bénin; Maria Ayodele, IITA, Nigeria; Laura Cortada-Gonzales, IITA, Kenya; Brice Gbaguidi, IITA, Bénin; Stefan Hauser and P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; Peter Neuenschwander, IITA, Bénin; Marc Schut, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Manuele Tamò, IITA, Benin; and Abou Togola, IITA, Nigeria; Part 4 Conclusions and future challenges16.Improving plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: conclusions and future challenges: Peter Neuenschwander and Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and May-Guri Sæthre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria;

Dr Peter Neuenschwander is an Emeritus Scientist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), based in Benin. Formerly Director of the IITA's Plant Health Management Division, he has worked on integrated pest management (IPM) projects in over 25 countries.Dr Manuele Tamò is an insect ecologist at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Benin, with a particular focus on IPM in cereal-legume systems. He has worked with organisation such as AVRDC, ICRISAT and AfriceRice on IPM projects in many countries. Djana Mignouna is an Agricultural Economist in charge of M&E of YIIFSWA Project for IITA. Djana supports market development for various crops and led research on technology adoption, consumer acceptance and impact assessment. He has led the development and implementation of over 10 household and sector level surveys in Africa. He has 11+ years of experience working in international development, private sector and economics research.

"With concerns about climate change, loss of biodiversity and the need to feed an ever-growing human population, the book provides a valuable reference on the need to develop IPM giving greater emphasis to the environment. This is necessary with the future of farming changing with new technology, including precision agriculture, digitalisation, robotics and new genetic engineering technology."International Pest Control – review by Emeritus Professor Graham Matthews, Imperial College London, UK

• Part 1 Managing threats to plant health1.Key challenges in plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: stakeholder priorities: Kenton Dashiell, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; 2.Introduction: meeting challenges in plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: Peter Neuenschwander and Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; 3.Disease surveillance, diagnostics and germplasm health in crop protection: P. Lava Kumar, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; James P. Legg, IITA, Tanzania; Maria Ayodele, IITA, Nigeria; George Mahuku, IITA, Tanzania; and Alejandro Ortega-Beltran and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Nigeria; 4.Conserving and exploiting biodiversity in crop cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa: Georg Goergen and Peter Neuenschwander, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and Danny Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; 5.Viruses affecting African crops and their vectors: James P. Legg, IITA, Tanzania, P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; George Mahuku, IITA, Tanzania, Everlyne Wosula, IITA, Tanzania; Livia Stavolone, IITA, Nigeria; Eugene Terry, New Markets Lab, USA; and Nilsa Bosque-Pérez, University of Idaho, USA; Part 2 Plant health in practice: managing threats to key African crops6.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: cassava: Muaka Toko and Peter Neuenschwander, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; J. Steve Yaninek, Purdue University, USA; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; André Fanou and Victor Zinsou, Université de Parakou, Benin; Kerstin D. Wydra, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany; Rachid Hanna and Appolin Fotso, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cameroon; and Ouorou Douro-Kpindou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; 7.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: maize: Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Kitty F. Cardwell, Oklahoma State University, USA; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Fritz Schulthess, Rheinstrasse 160, Switzerland; William Meikle, USDA-ARS, USA; Mamoudou Sétamou, Texas A&M University, USA; and Peter J. Cotty, USDA-ARS, USA; 8.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: yam, taro and cocoyam: Babatima Djana Mignouna, IITA, Benin; P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; Danny Coyne, IITA, Kenya; and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Ranjana Bhattacharjee and David De Koeyer, IITA, Nigeria; 9.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: banana and plantain: Stefan Hauser, IITA, Nigeria; Clifford Gold, Nevada City, USA; Cornelia Pasberg-Gauhl and Friedhelm Gauhl, FG-Inter-Agro-Consult KG, Austria; Juliet Akello, IITA, Zambia; Kim Jacobsen, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium; Lindsey Norgrove, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland; Daniel Coyne, IITA, Kenya; P. Lava Kumar, IITA Tanzania; George Mahuku, Manoj Kaushal, IITA, Tanzania; Valentine Nakato, IITA, Uganda; and Leena Tripathi and Jaindra Tripathi, IITA, Kenya; 10.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: legumes: Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Léonard Afouda, Université de Parakou, Bénin; Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Harry Bottenberg, United States Agency for International Development, USA; Laura Cortada-Gonzales, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; Harun Murithi, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Tanzania; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Barry Pittendrigh, Michigan State University, USA; Rachidatou Sikirou, Institut National des Recherches Agricoles au Bénin, Benin; Abou Togola, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; and Kerstin D. Wydra, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany; 11.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: vegetables: Ignace Godonou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Catholic University of West Africa, Benin; May-Guri Saethre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Ghislain Tepa-Yotto, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Benin; Désiré Gnanvossou and Ouorou Douro-Kpindou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and Danny Coyne, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kenya; 12.Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: fruit and other tree crops: Peter Neuenschwander and Désiré Gnanvossou, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Stefan Hauser, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Georg Goergen, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Rachid Hanna, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cameroon; Lindsey Norgrove, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland; and Koffi Negloh and Cyriaque Agboton, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; Part 3 Integrated pest management: putting it all together and exchange of knowledge with farmers13.Commercial products promoting plant health in African agriculture: Frederick Schreurs and Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, IITA, Nigeria; Christiaan Kooyman, IITA, Kenya; Alejandro Ortega-Beltran and Adebowale Akande, IITA, Nigeria; Matieyedou Konlambigue, IITA, Ghana; and Niels Van den Bosch, IITA, Nigeria; 14.Weeds affecting field crops and water bodies in Africa: David Chikoye, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Zambia; Friday Ekeleme, Stefan Hauser, Abebe Menkir and Alpha Y. Kamara, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; Peter Neuenschwander and Obinna Ajuonu, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Bénin; and Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nigeria; 15.Making integrated pest management (IPM) work in sub-Saharan Africa: Danny Coyne, IITA, Kenya; Michael Abberton, IITA, Nigeria; Sounkoura Adetonah, IITA, Bénin; Maria Ayodele, IITA, Nigeria; Laura Cortada-Gonzales, IITA, Kenya; Brice Gbaguidi, IITA, Bénin; Stefan Hauser and P. Lava Kumar, IITA, Nigeria; Peter Neuenschwander, IITA, Bénin; Marc Schut, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Manuele Tamò, IITA, Benin; and Abou Togola, IITA, Nigeria; Part 4 Conclusions and future challenges16.Improving plant health in sub-Saharan Africa: conclusions and future challenges: Peter Neuenschwander and Manuele Tamò, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Benin; and May-Guri Sæthre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria;