João Leitão is Assistant Professor at the University of Beira Interior (UBI). He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the UBI and a Habilitation (submitted) in Engineering and Management from the IST, University of Lisbon, specializing in Technological Change and Entrepreneurship. He is associate researcher of the Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior Técnico (CEG-IST), University of Lisbon, and of the Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST), UBI. He is external research fellow at the Small Business Research Centre London, Kingston University, UK; and at the Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.Elsa Morais Sarmento is a lecturer at the University of Aveiro and external research member at NOVAFRICA, Nova Business School of Management and Economics in Portugal. She holds a BsC and Master in Economics. She has evaluated PPP projects and peer-reviewed PPP related work, and she has published on private sector development, international trade, entrepreneurship, SMEs, and impact evaluation. She has worked for the African Development Bank, European Commission, World Bank, United Nations, Millennium Challenge Corporation, amongst others, in over 70 countries including several developing and emerging economies. She is also a member of the PPP sub-group of the European Evaluation Society.João Aleluia is a specialist on energy, climate change and sustainable waste management with more than eight years of experience in developing Asia. He is the managing director and co-founder of Singapore-based Volution Sustainability LLP, and he has worked with the United Nations Economic for more than five years, where he supported the establishment of waste sector PPPs in countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka or Viet Nam. He holds an MSc in Engineering and Industrial Management (University of Lisbon), as well as a Master’s in Energy Management from ESCP-EAP (Paris), IFP-French Petroleum Institute and BI Norwegian School of Management.

This volume brings together 22 essays on key aspects of designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating public-private partnerships in emerging and developing economies, to contribute towards their development and growth. Economics, management, sociology, and other researchers based around the world illustrate the key role of public-private partnerships in these economies, as well as cross-country diversity in terms of their institutional and governance framework, strategic resources, and business environment. They address recent trends in public-private partnerships; public policy practices and social entrepreneurship; implementation and evaluation of public-private partnerships; empirical analysis of public-private partnership determinants; identification of constraints, triggers, and determinants to implementation; guiding principles for public-private partnership sustainability; and lessons learned and emerging best practices from case studies. They describe the key definitions, concepts, risks, and tensions relevant to the institutionalization of public-private partnerships, and the drivers of investment in these countries, as well as the importance of the governance of the public-private partnership framework; making public-private partnerships work for the poor and application to local communities, agricultural transformation, and social and commercial infrastructure; the environment setup and social entrepreneurship as success factors to support and streamline public-private partnership implementation, including examples from Pakistan, Kosovo, and Africa; and implementation in service-based sectors and infrastructure, a theory-based approach to evaluation, and the relationship between project characteristics and macroeconomic and institutional factors affecting the degree of private sector participation in infrastructure public-private partnerships in developing countries, with studies of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Nigeria, Senegal, Turkey, India, and Central Asia.

• 1. Understanding PPPs in Developing and Emerging CountriesTop 10 Reasons Why (Not) and How (Not) to Implement PPPs in the Developing and Emerging EconomiesInfrastructure Development through Public Private Partnerships in AfricaThe Degree of Private Participation in PPPs: Evidence from Developing and Emerging EconomiesPublic-Private Partnership in Developing China: Evolution, Institutionalization and RisksPublic-Private Partnership for Development: Governance Promises and Tensions2. Making PPPs Work for the PoorPro-Poor Public-Private Partnerships for Development in Africa: Where Are Local Communities?  Public-Private-Partnerships for Agricultural Transformation: Trends and Lessons from Developing CountriesUnderstanding the Nature of PPPs in Social and Commercial Infrastructure Sector using Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators: Insights from Emerging IndiaMaking PPPs Work for the Poor: PPPs at the African Development Bank3. Public Policy, Public Management Practices and EntrepreneurshipHow to Support African PPPs: The Role of the Enabling EnvironmentSocial Entrepreneurship as a Success Factor in Public-Private Partnerships: Three Case Studies from PakistanPublic Private Partnership Evolution in Kosovo: An Approach to Achieve the Dream of Being a European Union member4. Implementation and Evaluation of PPPs: Practical Considerations and Case StudiesAchieving Affordability in the Delivery of PPP-based ServicesInfrastructure Development through PPPs: Framework of Guiding Principles for Sustainability AssessmentPublic-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Healthcare in Emerging EconomiesBoosting PPP in Infrastructure: PPP expansion in ColombiaTowards Rethinking Public Private Partnership Implementation: Insights from the Nigerian ContextOpportunism Galore: The Case of Delhi-Gurgaon Super Connectivity LimitedPractical Considerations on Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Water Utilities in Emerging Markets of Central AsiaPublic and Private Partnerships for Enhanced Energy Access in Developing Countries: A Case of the Solar Rooftop Project in Gujarat, IndiaUnsolicited Proposals in Infrastructure – Lessons from Brazil and ChileTheory-Based Evaluation of Public-Private Partnership Projects and Programs

João Leitão is Assistant Professor at the University of Beira Interior (UBI). He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the UBI and a Habilitation (submitted) in Engineering and Management from the IST, University of Lisbon, specializing in Technological Change and Entrepreneurship. He is associate researcher of the Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior Técnico (CEG-IST), University of Lisbon, and of the Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST), UBI. He is external research fellow at the Small Business Research Centre London, Kingston University, UK; and at the Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.Elsa Morais Sarmento is a lecturer at the University of Aveiro and external research member at NOVAFRICA, Nova Business School of Management and Economics in Portugal. She holds a BsC and Master in Economics. She has evaluated PPP projects and peer-reviewed PPP related work, and she has published on private sector development, international trade, entrepreneurship, SMEs, and impact evaluation. She has worked for the African Development Bank, European Commission, World Bank, United Nations, Millennium Challenge Corporation, amongst others, in over 70 countries including several developing and emerging economies. She is also a member of the PPP sub-group of the European Evaluation Society.João Aleluia is a specialist on energy, climate change and sustainable waste management with more than eight years of experience in developing Asia. He is the managing director and co-founder of Singapore-based Volution Sustainability LLP, and he has worked with the United Nations Economic for more than five years, where he supported the establishment of waste sector PPPs in countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka or Viet Nam. He holds an MSc in Engineering and Industrial Management (University of Lisbon), as well as a Master’s in Energy Management from ESCP-EAP (Paris), IFP-French Petroleum Institute and BI Norwegian School of Management.

This volume brings together 22 essays on key aspects of designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating public-private partnerships in emerging and developing economies, to contribute towards their development and growth. Economics, management, sociology, and other researchers based around the world illustrate the key role of public-private partnerships in these economies, as well as cross-country diversity in terms of their institutional and governance framework, strategic resources, and business environment. They address recent trends in public-private partnerships; public policy practices and social entrepreneurship; implementation and evaluation of public-private partnerships; empirical analysis of public-private partnership determinants; identification of constraints, triggers, and determinants to implementation; guiding principles for public-private partnership sustainability; and lessons learned and emerging best practices from case studies. They describe the key definitions, concepts, risks, and tensions relevant to the institutionalization of public-private partnerships, and the drivers of investment in these countries, as well as the importance of the governance of the public-private partnership framework; making public-private partnerships work for the poor and application to local communities, agricultural transformation, and social and commercial infrastructure; the environment setup and social entrepreneurship as success factors to support and streamline public-private partnership implementation, including examples from Pakistan, Kosovo, and Africa; and implementation in service-based sectors and infrastructure, a theory-based approach to evaluation, and the relationship between project characteristics and macroeconomic and institutional factors affecting the degree of private sector participation in infrastructure public-private partnerships in developing countries, with studies of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Nigeria, Senegal, Turkey, India, and Central Asia.

• 1. Understanding PPPs in Developing and Emerging CountriesTop 10 Reasons Why (Not) and How (Not) to Implement PPPs in the Developing and Emerging EconomiesInfrastructure Development through Public Private Partnerships in AfricaThe Degree of Private Participation in PPPs: Evidence from Developing and Emerging EconomiesPublic-Private Partnership in Developing China: Evolution, Institutionalization and RisksPublic-Private Partnership for Development: Governance Promises and Tensions2. Making PPPs Work for the PoorPro-Poor Public-Private Partnerships for Development in Africa: Where Are Local Communities?  Public-Private-Partnerships for Agricultural Transformation: Trends and Lessons from Developing CountriesUnderstanding the Nature of PPPs in Social and Commercial Infrastructure Sector using Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators: Insights from Emerging IndiaMaking PPPs Work for the Poor: PPPs at the African Development Bank3. Public Policy, Public Management Practices and EntrepreneurshipHow to Support African PPPs: The Role of the Enabling EnvironmentSocial Entrepreneurship as a Success Factor in Public-Private Partnerships: Three Case Studies from PakistanPublic Private Partnership Evolution in Kosovo: An Approach to Achieve the Dream of Being a European Union member4. Implementation and Evaluation of PPPs: Practical Considerations and Case StudiesAchieving Affordability in the Delivery of PPP-based ServicesInfrastructure Development through PPPs: Framework of Guiding Principles for Sustainability AssessmentPublic-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Healthcare in Emerging EconomiesBoosting PPP in Infrastructure: PPP expansion in ColombiaTowards Rethinking Public Private Partnership Implementation: Insights from the Nigerian ContextOpportunism Galore: The Case of Delhi-Gurgaon Super Connectivity LimitedPractical Considerations on Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Water Utilities in Emerging Markets of Central AsiaPublic and Private Partnerships for Enhanced Energy Access in Developing Countries: A Case of the Solar Rooftop Project in Gujarat, IndiaUnsolicited Proposals in Infrastructure – Lessons from Brazil and ChileTheory-Based Evaluation of Public-Private Partnership Projects and Programs

João Leitão is Assistant Professor at the University of Beira Interior (UBI). He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the UBI and a Habilitation (submitted) in Engineering and Management from the IST, University of Lisbon, specializing in Technological Change and Entrepreneurship. He is associate researcher of the Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior Técnico (CEG-IST), University of Lisbon, and of the Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies (C-MAST), UBI. He is external research fellow at the Small Business Research Centre London, Kingston University, UK; and at the Instituto Multidisciplinar de Empresa, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.Elsa Morais Sarmento is a lecturer at the University of Aveiro and external research member at NOVAFRICA, Nova Business School of Management and Economics in Portugal. She holds a BsC and Master in Economics. She has evaluated PPP projects and peer-reviewed PPP related work, and she has published on private sector development, international trade, entrepreneurship, SMEs, and impact evaluation. She has worked for the African Development Bank, European Commission, World Bank, United Nations, Millennium Challenge Corporation, amongst others, in over 70 countries including several developing and emerging economies. She is also a member of the PPP sub-group of the European Evaluation Society.João Aleluia is a specialist on energy, climate change and sustainable waste management with more than eight years of experience in developing Asia. He is the managing director and co-founder of Singapore-based Volution Sustainability LLP, and he has worked with the United Nations Economic for more than five years, where he supported the establishment of waste sector PPPs in countries such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka or Viet Nam. He holds an MSc in Engineering and Industrial Management (University of Lisbon), as well as a Master’s in Energy Management from ESCP-EAP (Paris), IFP-French Petroleum Institute and BI Norwegian School of Management.

This volume brings together 22 essays on key aspects of designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating public-private partnerships in emerging and developing economies, to contribute towards their development and growth. Economics, management, sociology, and other researchers based around the world illustrate the key role of public-private partnerships in these economies, as well as cross-country diversity in terms of their institutional and governance framework, strategic resources, and business environment. They address recent trends in public-private partnerships; public policy practices and social entrepreneurship; implementation and evaluation of public-private partnerships; empirical analysis of public-private partnership determinants; identification of constraints, triggers, and determinants to implementation; guiding principles for public-private partnership sustainability; and lessons learned and emerging best practices from case studies. They describe the key definitions, concepts, risks, and tensions relevant to the institutionalization of public-private partnerships, and the drivers of investment in these countries, as well as the importance of the governance of the public-private partnership framework; making public-private partnerships work for the poor and application to local communities, agricultural transformation, and social and commercial infrastructure; the environment setup and social entrepreneurship as success factors to support and streamline public-private partnership implementation, including examples from Pakistan, Kosovo, and Africa; and implementation in service-based sectors and infrastructure, a theory-based approach to evaluation, and the relationship between project characteristics and macroeconomic and institutional factors affecting the degree of private sector participation in infrastructure public-private partnerships in developing countries, with studies of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Nigeria, Senegal, Turkey, India, and Central Asia.

• 1. Understanding PPPs in Developing and Emerging CountriesTop 10 Reasons Why (Not) and How (Not) to Implement PPPs in the Developing and Emerging EconomiesInfrastructure Development through Public Private Partnerships in AfricaThe Degree of Private Participation in PPPs: Evidence from Developing and Emerging EconomiesPublic-Private Partnership in Developing China: Evolution, Institutionalization and RisksPublic-Private Partnership for Development: Governance Promises and Tensions2. Making PPPs Work for the PoorPro-Poor Public-Private Partnerships for Development in Africa: Where Are Local Communities?  Public-Private-Partnerships for Agricultural Transformation: Trends and Lessons from Developing CountriesUnderstanding the Nature of PPPs in Social and Commercial Infrastructure Sector using Qualitative and Quantitative Indicators: Insights from Emerging IndiaMaking PPPs Work for the Poor: PPPs at the African Development Bank3. Public Policy, Public Management Practices and EntrepreneurshipHow to Support African PPPs: The Role of the Enabling EnvironmentSocial Entrepreneurship as a Success Factor in Public-Private Partnerships: Three Case Studies from PakistanPublic Private Partnership Evolution in Kosovo: An Approach to Achieve the Dream of Being a European Union member4. Implementation and Evaluation of PPPs: Practical Considerations and Case StudiesAchieving Affordability in the Delivery of PPP-based ServicesInfrastructure Development through PPPs: Framework of Guiding Principles for Sustainability AssessmentPublic-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Healthcare in Emerging EconomiesBoosting PPP in Infrastructure: PPP expansion in ColombiaTowards Rethinking Public Private Partnership Implementation: Insights from the Nigerian ContextOpportunism Galore: The Case of Delhi-Gurgaon Super Connectivity LimitedPractical Considerations on Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Water Utilities in Emerging Markets of Central AsiaPublic and Private Partnerships for Enhanced Energy Access in Developing Countries: A Case of the Solar Rooftop Project in Gujarat, IndiaUnsolicited Proposals in Infrastructure – Lessons from Brazil and ChileTheory-Based Evaluation of Public-Private Partnership Projects and Programs