Piero Formica started his career as an economist at the OECD Economic Prospects Division in Paris. He is Founder of the International Entrepreneurship Academy and was formerly Professor of Economics at the Jönköping International Business School in Sweden. He is currently a Senior Research Fellow of the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, leading an international team on experimentation and simulation of high-expectation start-ups. He is Adjunct Professor of Knowledge Economics, Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran (Iran), and Guest Fellow of Unismart Padova Enterprise at the University of Padua. Professor Formica received the Innovation Luminary Award 2017 from the Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group for his work on modern innovation policy. He has written extensively on knowledge economics, entrepreneurship and innovation. In 2015, Emerald published his book Grand Transformation towards an Entrepreneurial Economy: Exploring the Void.Martin Curley is co-founder of the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, where he is Professor of Innovation. He is also Senior Vice President and Group Head for Global Digital Practice at Mastercard in Dublin. Previously, he was Vice President at Intel Corporation and Director/GM of Intel Labs Europe. He is Chair of the EU Open Innovation and Strategy Policy Group, which is driving the further development and adoption of the Open Innovation 2.0 paradigm in Europe. He is a Member of the Royal Irish Academy, Fellow of the Institution of Engineers of Ireland, the British Computer Society and the Irish Computer Society. Professor Curley was jointly awarded European Chief Technology Officer of the year for 2015–2016.

Contributors from business and economics describe theories and practices of open innovation and how they could lead to an economic system different from that under the each-against-all model. Their topics are in search of the origin of an open innovation culture; the culture of open innovation as a new Twilight Zone; sharing, giving, and taking: enabling citizen entrepreneurship; the evolution of businesses: a Darwinian metaphor; the state of the art of open innovation culture; connecting the dots: from clusters to ecosystems; citizen outsourcing; and creating and enabling ecosystems for open innovation: challenges and how to cope with them.

• Acknowledgements; Piero Formica and Martin CurleyPreface; Fabrizio GalimbertiChapter 1. In search of the origin of an open innovation culture; Piero Formica and Martin CurleyChapter 2. The culture of open innovation - a new Twilight Zone?; Leif EdvinssonChapter 3. Sharing, giving and taking: Enabling citizen entrepreneurship; Jay MitraChapter 4. The evolution of businesses: A Darwinian metaphor; Vincenzo NicolòChapter 5. The state of the art of open innovation culture; Diego MatricanoChapter 6. Connecting dots: From clusters to ecosystems; Bror SalmelinChapter 7. Citizen crowdsourcing: 'Ask not what your country can do for you…'; Peter RobbinsChapter 8. Creating and enabling ecosystems for open innovation: Challenges and how toovercome them; Edna Pasher, Otthein Herzog, Mor Harir, Yaara Turjeman and Wu ZhiqiangIndex of namesIndex of terms

Piero Formica started his career as an economist at the OECD Economic Prospects Division in Paris. He is Founder of the International Entrepreneurship Academy and was formerly Professor of Economics at the Jönköping International Business School in Sweden. He is currently a Senior Research Fellow of the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, leading an international team on experimentation and simulation of high-expectation start-ups. He is Adjunct Professor of Knowledge Economics, Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran (Iran), and Guest Fellow of Unismart Padova Enterprise at the University of Padua. Professor Formica received the Innovation Luminary Award 2017 from the Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group for his work on modern innovation policy. He has written extensively on knowledge economics, entrepreneurship and innovation. In 2015, Emerald published his book Grand Transformation towards an Entrepreneurial Economy: Exploring the Void.Martin Curley is co-founder of the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, where he is Professor of Innovation. He is also Senior Vice President and Group Head for Global Digital Practice at Mastercard in Dublin. Previously, he was Vice President at Intel Corporation and Director/GM of Intel Labs Europe. He is Chair of the EU Open Innovation and Strategy Policy Group, which is driving the further development and adoption of the Open Innovation 2.0 paradigm in Europe. He is a Member of the Royal Irish Academy, Fellow of the Institution of Engineers of Ireland, the British Computer Society and the Irish Computer Society. Professor Curley was jointly awarded European Chief Technology Officer of the year for 2015–2016.

Contributors from business and economics describe theories and practices of open innovation and how they could lead to an economic system different from that under the each-against-all model. Their topics are in search of the origin of an open innovation culture; the culture of open innovation as a new Twilight Zone; sharing, giving, and taking: enabling citizen entrepreneurship; the evolution of businesses: a Darwinian metaphor; the state of the art of open innovation culture; connecting the dots: from clusters to ecosystems; citizen outsourcing; and creating and enabling ecosystems for open innovation: challenges and how to cope with them.

• Acknowledgements; Piero Formica and Martin CurleyPreface; Fabrizio GalimbertiChapter 1. In search of the origin of an open innovation culture; Piero Formica and Martin CurleyChapter 2. The culture of open innovation - a new Twilight Zone?; Leif EdvinssonChapter 3. Sharing, giving and taking: Enabling citizen entrepreneurship; Jay MitraChapter 4. The evolution of businesses: A Darwinian metaphor; Vincenzo NicolòChapter 5. The state of the art of open innovation culture; Diego MatricanoChapter 6. Connecting dots: From clusters to ecosystems; Bror SalmelinChapter 7. Citizen crowdsourcing: 'Ask not what your country can do for you…'; Peter RobbinsChapter 8. Creating and enabling ecosystems for open innovation: Challenges and how toovercome them; Edna Pasher, Otthein Herzog, Mor Harir, Yaara Turjeman and Wu ZhiqiangIndex of namesIndex of terms

Piero Formica started his career as an economist at the OECD Economic Prospects Division in Paris. He is Founder of the International Entrepreneurship Academy and was formerly Professor of Economics at the Jönköping International Business School in Sweden. He is currently a Senior Research Fellow of the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, leading an international team on experimentation and simulation of high-expectation start-ups. He is Adjunct Professor of Knowledge Economics, Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran (Iran), and Guest Fellow of Unismart Padova Enterprise at the University of Padua. Professor Formica received the Innovation Luminary Award 2017 from the Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group for his work on modern innovation policy. He has written extensively on knowledge economics, entrepreneurship and innovation. In 2015, Emerald published his book Grand Transformation towards an Entrepreneurial Economy: Exploring the Void.Martin Curley is co-founder of the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, where he is Professor of Innovation. He is also Senior Vice President and Group Head for Global Digital Practice at Mastercard in Dublin. Previously, he was Vice President at Intel Corporation and Director/GM of Intel Labs Europe. He is Chair of the EU Open Innovation and Strategy Policy Group, which is driving the further development and adoption of the Open Innovation 2.0 paradigm in Europe. He is a Member of the Royal Irish Academy, Fellow of the Institution of Engineers of Ireland, the British Computer Society and the Irish Computer Society. Professor Curley was jointly awarded European Chief Technology Officer of the year for 2015–2016.

Contributors from business and economics describe theories and practices of open innovation and how they could lead to an economic system different from that under the each-against-all model. Their topics are in search of the origin of an open innovation culture; the culture of open innovation as a new Twilight Zone; sharing, giving, and taking: enabling citizen entrepreneurship; the evolution of businesses: a Darwinian metaphor; the state of the art of open innovation culture; connecting the dots: from clusters to ecosystems; citizen outsourcing; and creating and enabling ecosystems for open innovation: challenges and how to cope with them.

• Acknowledgements; Piero Formica and Martin CurleyPreface; Fabrizio GalimbertiChapter 1. In search of the origin of an open innovation culture; Piero Formica and Martin CurleyChapter 2. The culture of open innovation - a new Twilight Zone?; Leif EdvinssonChapter 3. Sharing, giving and taking: Enabling citizen entrepreneurship; Jay MitraChapter 4. The evolution of businesses: A Darwinian metaphor; Vincenzo NicolòChapter 5. The state of the art of open innovation culture; Diego MatricanoChapter 6. Connecting dots: From clusters to ecosystems; Bror SalmelinChapter 7. Citizen crowdsourcing: 'Ask not what your country can do for you…'; Peter RobbinsChapter 8. Creating and enabling ecosystems for open innovation: Challenges and how toovercome them; Edna Pasher, Otthein Herzog, Mor Harir, Yaara Turjeman and Wu ZhiqiangIndex of namesIndex of terms