Maartje De Meulder is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Namur Institute of Language, Text and Transmediality (NaLTT), University of Namur, Belgium. Her research interests include sign language policy and planning, sign language rights, family language policy, multilingualism and sign language maintenance and revitalisation.Joseph J. Murray is Professor in the Department of American Sign Language and Deaf Studies, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA. A trained historian, his work explores ways in which deaf people navigate their societies as sign language minorities.Rachel L. McKee is Programme Director of NZSL Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Her research interests include sign language documentation, sign language policy, sociolinguistic variation in sign language, interpreting, and sign language teaching and learning.

Only a small number of the thousands of endangered languages are legally recognized or protected, but among them, the 19 sign languages discussed in this volume show how acknowledgement in national legislation reveals a significant advance in 21st century language management. This collection detailing the way this happened is a major contribution to the study of language policy.

• Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray and Rachel L. McKee: Introduction: The Legal Recognition of Sign Languages: Advocacy and Outcomes Around the WorldSection 1 – Recent Sign Language LawsChapter 1. John Bosco Conama:“Ah, That’s Not Necessary, You Can Read English Instead”: An Analysis of State Language Policy Concerning Irish Sign Language and its EffectChapter 2. Sung-Eun Hong, Hyunhwa Lee, Mi-Hye Lee and Seung-Il Byun: The Korean Sign Language ActChapter 3. Marie Azzopardi-Alexander, Karl Borg, Dorianne Callus, Keith Callus, Steven Mulvaney, Alison Vere, Annabelle Xerri and Loran Ripard Xuereb : The Road to Maltese Sign Language RecognitionChapter 4. Lilian Lawson, Frankie McLean, Rachel O’Neill and Robert Brian Wilks: Recognising British Sign Language in ScotlandSection 2 – Implicit Legal RecognitionChapter 5. Deniz İlkbaşaran and Okan Kubus: A Roof Without Foundation: Shifts in the Legal and Practical Status of Turkish Sign Language (TİD) Since 2005Chapter 6. Soya Mori and Atsubumi Sugimoto: Progress and Problems in the Campaign for Sign Language Recognition in JapanChapter 7. Joseph J. Murray: American Sign Language Legislation in the United StatesChapter 8. Maribel González, Andrea Pérez, Juan Luis Marín and Camila Villavicencio: Towards the Recognition of Chilean Sign LanguageChapter 9. Yann Cantin, Florence Encrevé and Marie-Thérèse L’Huillier: The Societal and Political Recognition of French Sign Language (LSF) in France: 1970-2018Section 3 – On-going Campaigns Towards Explicit Legal RecognitionChapter 10. Richard Cokart, Trude Schermer, Corrie Tijsseling and Eva Westerhoff: In Pursuit of Legal Recognition of The NetherlandsChapter 11. Carlo Geraci and Humberto Insolera: The “Language Issue”: The Struggle and Path for the Recognition of LISChapter 12. Arnfinn Muruvik Vonen and Paal Richard Peterson: Sign Language Legislation in NorwaySection 4 – Implementation of Sign Language LawsChapter 13. Franz Dotter, Verena Krausneker, Helene Jarmer and Lukas Huber: Austrian Sign Language: Recognition Achieved but Discrimination ContinuesChapter 14. Rachel L. McKee and Victoria Manning: Implementing Recognition of New Zealand Sign Language: 2006-2018Chapter 15. Valgerður Stefánsdóttir, Ari Pall Kristinsson and Julia G. Hreinsdottir: The Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language: Meeting Deaf People’s Expectations?Chapter 16. Ronice Müller De Quadros and Marianne Rossi Stumpf: Recognizing Brazilian Sign Language: Legislation and OutcomesChapter 17. Maria Josep Jarque, Marta Bosch-Baliarda and Menchu González: Legal Recognition and Regulation of Catalan Sign LanguageChapter 18. Maartje De Meulder and Thierry Haesenne: A Belgian Compromise? Recognising French-Belgian Sign Language and Flemish Sign LanguageChapter 19. Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray and Rachel L. McKee: Epilogue: Claiming Multiple Positionalities: Lessons from the First Two Decades of Sign Language Recognition

Maartje De Meulder is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Namur Institute of Language, Text and Transmediality (NaLTT), University of Namur, Belgium. Her research interests include sign language policy and planning, sign language rights, family language policy, multilingualism and sign language maintenance and revitalisation.Joseph J. Murray is Professor in the Department of American Sign Language and Deaf Studies, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA. A trained historian, his work explores ways in which deaf people navigate their societies as sign language minorities.Rachel L. McKee is Programme Director of NZSL Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Her research interests include sign language documentation, sign language policy, sociolinguistic variation in sign language, interpreting, and sign language teaching and learning.

Only a small number of the thousands of endangered languages are legally recognized or protected, but among them, the 19 sign languages discussed in this volume show how acknowledgement in national legislation reveals a significant advance in 21st century language management. This collection detailing the way this happened is a major contribution to the study of language policy.

• Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray and Rachel L. McKee: Introduction: The Legal Recognition of Sign Languages: Advocacy and Outcomes Around the WorldSection 1 – Recent Sign Language LawsChapter 1. John Bosco Conama:“Ah, That’s Not Necessary, You Can Read English Instead”: An Analysis of State Language Policy Concerning Irish Sign Language and its EffectChapter 2. Sung-Eun Hong, Hyunhwa Lee, Mi-Hye Lee and Seung-Il Byun: The Korean Sign Language ActChapter 3. Marie Azzopardi-Alexander, Karl Borg, Dorianne Callus, Keith Callus, Steven Mulvaney, Alison Vere, Annabelle Xerri and Loran Ripard Xuereb : The Road to Maltese Sign Language RecognitionChapter 4. Lilian Lawson, Frankie McLean, Rachel O’Neill and Robert Brian Wilks: Recognising British Sign Language in ScotlandSection 2 – Implicit Legal RecognitionChapter 5. Deniz İlkbaşaran and Okan Kubus: A Roof Without Foundation: Shifts in the Legal and Practical Status of Turkish Sign Language (TİD) Since 2005Chapter 6. Soya Mori and Atsubumi Sugimoto: Progress and Problems in the Campaign for Sign Language Recognition in JapanChapter 7. Joseph J. Murray: American Sign Language Legislation in the United StatesChapter 8. Maribel González, Andrea Pérez, Juan Luis Marín and Camila Villavicencio: Towards the Recognition of Chilean Sign LanguageChapter 9. Yann Cantin, Florence Encrevé and Marie-Thérèse L’Huillier: The Societal and Political Recognition of French Sign Language (LSF) in France: 1970-2018Section 3 – On-going Campaigns Towards Explicit Legal RecognitionChapter 10. Richard Cokart, Trude Schermer, Corrie Tijsseling and Eva Westerhoff: In Pursuit of Legal Recognition of The NetherlandsChapter 11. Carlo Geraci and Humberto Insolera: The “Language Issue”: The Struggle and Path for the Recognition of LISChapter 12. Arnfinn Muruvik Vonen and Paal Richard Peterson: Sign Language Legislation in NorwaySection 4 – Implementation of Sign Language LawsChapter 13. Franz Dotter, Verena Krausneker, Helene Jarmer and Lukas Huber: Austrian Sign Language: Recognition Achieved but Discrimination ContinuesChapter 14. Rachel L. McKee and Victoria Manning: Implementing Recognition of New Zealand Sign Language: 2006-2018Chapter 15. Valgerður Stefánsdóttir, Ari Pall Kristinsson and Julia G. Hreinsdottir: The Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language: Meeting Deaf People’s Expectations?Chapter 16. Ronice Müller De Quadros and Marianne Rossi Stumpf: Recognizing Brazilian Sign Language: Legislation and OutcomesChapter 17. Maria Josep Jarque, Marta Bosch-Baliarda and Menchu González: Legal Recognition and Regulation of Catalan Sign LanguageChapter 18. Maartje De Meulder and Thierry Haesenne: A Belgian Compromise? Recognising French-Belgian Sign Language and Flemish Sign LanguageChapter 19. Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray and Rachel L. McKee: Epilogue: Claiming Multiple Positionalities: Lessons from the First Two Decades of Sign Language Recognition

Maartje De Meulder is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Namur Institute of Language, Text and Transmediality (NaLTT), University of Namur, Belgium. Her research interests include sign language policy and planning, sign language rights, family language policy, multilingualism and sign language maintenance and revitalisation.Joseph J. Murray is Professor in the Department of American Sign Language and Deaf Studies, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA. A trained historian, his work explores ways in which deaf people navigate their societies as sign language minorities.Rachel L. McKee is Programme Director of NZSL Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Her research interests include sign language documentation, sign language policy, sociolinguistic variation in sign language, interpreting, and sign language teaching and learning.

Only a small number of the thousands of endangered languages are legally recognized or protected, but among them, the 19 sign languages discussed in this volume show how acknowledgement in national legislation reveals a significant advance in 21st century language management. This collection detailing the way this happened is a major contribution to the study of language policy.

• Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray and Rachel L. McKee: Introduction: The Legal Recognition of Sign Languages: Advocacy and Outcomes Around the WorldSection 1 – Recent Sign Language LawsChapter 1. John Bosco Conama:“Ah, That’s Not Necessary, You Can Read English Instead”: An Analysis of State Language Policy Concerning Irish Sign Language and its EffectChapter 2. Sung-Eun Hong, Hyunhwa Lee, Mi-Hye Lee and Seung-Il Byun: The Korean Sign Language ActChapter 3. Marie Azzopardi-Alexander, Karl Borg, Dorianne Callus, Keith Callus, Steven Mulvaney, Alison Vere, Annabelle Xerri and Loran Ripard Xuereb : The Road to Maltese Sign Language RecognitionChapter 4. Lilian Lawson, Frankie McLean, Rachel O’Neill and Robert Brian Wilks: Recognising British Sign Language in ScotlandSection 2 – Implicit Legal RecognitionChapter 5. Deniz İlkbaşaran and Okan Kubus: A Roof Without Foundation: Shifts in the Legal and Practical Status of Turkish Sign Language (TİD) Since 2005Chapter 6. Soya Mori and Atsubumi Sugimoto: Progress and Problems in the Campaign for Sign Language Recognition in JapanChapter 7. Joseph J. Murray: American Sign Language Legislation in the United StatesChapter 8. Maribel González, Andrea Pérez, Juan Luis Marín and Camila Villavicencio: Towards the Recognition of Chilean Sign LanguageChapter 9. Yann Cantin, Florence Encrevé and Marie-Thérèse L’Huillier: The Societal and Political Recognition of French Sign Language (LSF) in France: 1970-2018Section 3 – On-going Campaigns Towards Explicit Legal RecognitionChapter 10. Richard Cokart, Trude Schermer, Corrie Tijsseling and Eva Westerhoff: In Pursuit of Legal Recognition of The NetherlandsChapter 11. Carlo Geraci and Humberto Insolera: The “Language Issue”: The Struggle and Path for the Recognition of LISChapter 12. Arnfinn Muruvik Vonen and Paal Richard Peterson: Sign Language Legislation in NorwaySection 4 – Implementation of Sign Language LawsChapter 13. Franz Dotter, Verena Krausneker, Helene Jarmer and Lukas Huber: Austrian Sign Language: Recognition Achieved but Discrimination ContinuesChapter 14. Rachel L. McKee and Victoria Manning: Implementing Recognition of New Zealand Sign Language: 2006-2018Chapter 15. Valgerður Stefánsdóttir, Ari Pall Kristinsson and Julia G. Hreinsdottir: The Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language: Meeting Deaf People’s Expectations?Chapter 16. Ronice Müller De Quadros and Marianne Rossi Stumpf: Recognizing Brazilian Sign Language: Legislation and OutcomesChapter 17. Maria Josep Jarque, Marta Bosch-Baliarda and Menchu González: Legal Recognition and Regulation of Catalan Sign LanguageChapter 18. Maartje De Meulder and Thierry Haesenne: A Belgian Compromise? Recognising French-Belgian Sign Language and Flemish Sign LanguageChapter 19. Maartje De Meulder, Joseph J. Murray and Rachel L. McKee: Epilogue: Claiming Multiple Positionalities: Lessons from the First Two Decades of Sign Language Recognition