Biological Flow in Large Vessels

Valerie Deplano is research director at CNRS, and an active member of the CNRS research group MECABIO, GDR3570, dealing with the mechanics of materials and biological fluids. She is the former head of the GDR2760 research group, focusing on the biomechanics of fluids and transfers, fluid-biological structure interaction, and President of the Biomechanics Society 2018-2021.Jose-Maria Fullana is a Professor at Sorbonne University, Paris, and an active member of the CNRS research group MECABIO, GDR3570, dealing with the mechanics of materials and biological fluids.Claude Verdier is research director at CNRS, and an active member of the CNRS research group GDR3570, MECABIO, dealing with the mechanics of materials and biological fluids. He is the former leader of the GDR3570 research group.

• Preface xiValérie DEPLANO, José-Maria FULLANA and Claude VERDIERChapter 1. Hemodynamics and Hemorheology 1Thomas PODGORSKI1.1. Structure and function of the circulatory system 11.2. Blood composition 51.3. The red blood cell: structure and dynamics 81.3.1. Red blood cell properties 81.3.2. Erythrocyte pathologies 111.3.3. Red blood cell dynamics 151.4. Rheology and dynamics 171.4.1. Phenomenology of blood rheology 171.4.2. Red blood cell aggregation 211.4.3. Dynamics of microcirculation 271.5. Conclusion 311.6. References 32Chapter 2. CFD Analyses of Different Parameters Influencing the Hemodynamic Outcomes of Complex Aortic Endovascular Repair 43Sabrina BEN-AHMED, Jean-Noël ALBERTINI, Jean-Pierre FAVRE, C. Alberto FIGUEROA, Eugenio ROSSET, Francesca CONDEMI and Stéphane AVRIL2.1. Introduction 432.2. Methods 452.3. Results 482.3.1. Model without stenosis 502.3.2. Model with 40% diameter stenosis 532.3.3. Model with 70% diameter stenosis 562.4. Discussion 582.4.1. Velocity and flow 592.4.2. Pressure 602.4.3. TAWSS 602.4.4. PAS 612.4.5. Limitations 622.5. Conclusion 632.6. Acknowledgments 632.7. References 64Chapter 3. Vascular Geometric Singularities, Hemodynamic Markers and Pathologies 69Valérie DEPLANO and Carine GUIVIER-CURIEN3.1. Introduction 693.2. General characteristics of blood flows at the macroscopic scale 703.3. Several geometric singularities of the cardiovascular system 733.3.1. Curvatures and bifurcations 733.3.2. Cross-section constriction 783.3.3. Cross-section enlargement 803.3.4. Valves 823.4. Hemodynamic markers 853.4.1. Indexes derived from wall shear stress 863.4.2. Indexes describing VSs 883.5. Correlation between hemodynamic markers and pathologies: some examples 903.5.1. WSS and pathologies 923.5.2. Hemodynamic markers and thrombus 953.6. Conclusion and perspectives 983.7. References 99Chapter 4. Role of Arterial Blood Flow in Atherosclerosis 109Guillermo VILAPLANA and Abdul I. BARAKAT4.1. Introduction 1094.2. Role of arterial fluid mechanics in atherosclerosis 1104.2.1. Atherosclerosis initiation and progression 1104.2.2. Role of arterial flow in atherosclerosis 1134.3. An illustrative example of the complexity of arterial flow fields: fluid dynamic interactions between two arterial branches 1154.3.1. The specific problem addressed 1154.3.2. Materials and methods 1164.3.3. Results 1184.3.4. Discussion 1344.4. Concluding remarks 1354.5. References 136Chapter 5. Patient-specific Hemodynamic Simulations: Model Parameterization from Clinical Data to Enable Intervention Planning 139Irene E. VIGNON-CLEMENTEL and Sanjay PANT5.1. Introduction 1395.2. Multiscale models: do we need patient-specific data? 1425.2.1. Assessing function of a new procedure/device 1425.2.2. Optimizing the procedure/device for an individual patient 1435.2.3. Population studies 1435.3. How do we include patient-specific data? 1445.3.1. Type of clinical data available and associated challenges 1455.3.2. Establishing if the resistance of the 3D part is negligible or not, and parameterization in case it is 1475.3.3. Resistance of the 3D part is not negligible 1495.4. When models fall short of expectations: toward adaptation 1545.4.1. Liver hepatectomy and blood loss 1545.4.2. Pulmonary stenosis alleviation and vascular adaptation 1555.5. Conclusion 1565.6. Acknowledgments 1575.7. References 158Chapter 6. Reduced-order Models of Blood Flow: Application to Arterial Stenoses 163Jeanne VENTRE, José-Maria FULLANA, Pierre-Yves LAGRÉE, Francesca RAIMONDI and Nathalie BODDAERT6.1. Introduction 1636.2. Blood flow modeling 1656.2.1. Two-dimensional axisymmetric model 1666.2.2. Multi-ring model 1676.2.3. One-dimensional model 1696.2.4. Zero-dimensional model 1696.3. Validation of the models 1706.3.1. The entry effect 1706.3.2. The Womersley solution in an elastic artery 1716.4. Application to arterial stenoses 1736.5. Conclusion 1796.6. References 179Chapter 7. YALES2BIO: A General Purpose Solver Dedicated to Blood Flows 183Simon MENDEZ, Alain BÉROD, Christophe CHNAFA, Morgane GARREAU, Etienne GIBAUD, Anthony LARROQUE, Stephanie LINDSEY, Marco MARTINS AFONSO, Pascal MATTÉOLI, Rodrigo MENDEZ ROJANO, Dorian MIDOU, Thomas PUISEUX, Julien SIGÜENZA, Pierre TARACONAT, Vladeta ZMIJANOVIC and Franck NICOUD7.1. Methods and validation 1847.1.1. Food and Drug Administration case 1867.1.2. Optical tweezers 1877.1.3. Red blood cell self-organization 1897.2. Simulation as support of modeling efforts 1897.2.1. Single cell dynamics 1907.2.2. Flow diverters 1917.2.3. Echocardiography 1927.3. Simulations for industrial applications 1947.3.1. Flow in the Carmat artificial heart 1947.3.2. Red blood cell dynamics in Horiba Medical’s blood analyzers 1957.4. Current developments 1957.4.1. Thrombosis 1967.4.2. In Silico MRI 1977.4.3. Multi-cells 1997.5. Acknowledgments 2007.6. References 200Chapter 8. Capsule Relaxation Under Flow in a Tube 207Bruno SARKIS, Anne-Virginie SALSAC and José-Maria FULLANA8.1. Introduction 2078.2. Overview of the physical problem 2098.2.1. Fluid solver 2108.2.2. Solid solver 2128.2.3. Fluid–structure coupling by the IBM method 2138.3. Transient flow of a microcapsule into a microfluidic channel with a step 2158.3.1. Capsule flow in the Stokes regime 2158.3.2. Relaxation dynamics in the Stokes regime 2178.3.3. Relaxation dynamics in the Navier–Stokes regime 2218.4. Discussion and conclusion 2238.5. Acknowledgements 2258.6. References 225Conclusion: Words and Things 229Valérie DEPLANO, José-Maria FULLANA and Claude VERDIERList of Authors 233Index 237