Gwenn Pulliat is Researcher in Geography at CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), France. Her work mostly focuses on urban food systems, particularly on the social and environmental challenges of food production in urban regions.

• Introduction. The Role of Agriculture in the Making of the City xiGwenn PULLIATPart 1. Spaces 1Chapter 1. The Urban Vegetable Garden: A Socioecological Component of the City 3Thi-Thanh-Hien PHAM and Paul Émile TCHINDA1.1. Introduction 31.2. Definitions of the vegetable garden 61.3. Historical significance of vegetable gardens 81.4. What vegetable gardens tell us about how cities are made 91.5. Conclusion 231.6. References 23Chapter 2. Unequal Access to Agricultural Land within Cities 31Angèle PROUST2.1. Introduction 312.2. Urban agriculture as a testament to social, spatial and historical injustices in São Paulo 342.3. Eco-gentrification: limits and challenges of shared gardens 402.4. Nature in the city and agriculture: an ambiguous relationship 492.5. Conclusion 522.6. References 53Chapter 3. The Reconfiguration of a Peri-urban Market Gardening Plain 59Isabelle DUVERNOY3.1. Introduction: market gardening, from decline to urban demand 593.2. Agriculture in urban policies 613.3. Agricultural areas and activities in and around Toulouse 623.4. Public control and projects in an urban market gardening area 673.5. Conclusion 773.6. References 78Part 2. Stakeholders 83Chapter 4. Urban Agriculture and Food Assistance 85Camille HOCHEDEZ4.1. Introduction 854.2. Food assistance: an emergency measure that worsens the disconnect between vulnerable urban populations and agricultural resources 884.3. Initiatives to reconnect vulnerable populations with local agricultural resources: toward a relocalization of food assistance 974.4. Dynamics and experiences of relocalizing food assistance in a medium-sized French city: the example of Poitiers 1064.5. Conclusion 1174.6. References 119Chapter 5. Commercial Urban Agriculture in Global City Centers 123Ségolène DARLY and Kristin REYNOLDS5.1. Commercial agriculture diversifying within cities 1235.2. Access to land: a policy framework with variable constraints 1315.3. Trend toward increased polarization in urban agriculture 1315.4. Conclusion 1335.5. References 133Chapter 6. Peri-urban Farmers Navigating Multiple Expectations 139Héloïse LELOUP6.1. Introduction 1396.2. Agriculture as seen by urban dwellers: the emergence of new expectations and new functions for the activity 1426.3. Urban farmers: between adapting to the city and the persistence of existing models 1516.4. Adapting to the city's demands: unprecedented ambiguities 1596.5. Conclusion 1666.6. References 167Part 3. Environment 177Chapter 7. The Environmental Services of Urban Agriculture 179Gwenn PULLIAT7.1. A wide range of environmental services provided by agricultural areas at multiple scales 1807.2. A special place within the urban setting 1867.3. How can we assess the environmental functions of urban and peri-urban agricultural lands? 1907.4. Conclusion 1927.5. References 193Chapter 8. Agriculture in Environmental Risk Management 197Gwenn PULLIAT8.1. Agricultural areas in flood risk management 1988.2. Agricultural areas and urban development: what role should agricultural areas play in urban planning? 2048.3. Conclusion 2118.4. References 211Chapter 9. Gardening in the Post-industrial City. 215Louise CLOCHEY9.1. Introduction 2159.2. The socio-environmental challenges of urban gardening 2179.3. Daily practices and micro-politics in two community gardens in Dunkirk: a case study in political ecology 2299.4. Conclusion 2429.5. References 244Conclusion 253Gwenn PULLIATList of Authors 255Index 257

Gwenn Pulliat is Researcher in Geography at CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), France. Her work mostly focuses on urban food systems, particularly on the social and environmental challenges of food production in urban regions.

• Introduction. The Role of Agriculture in the Making of the City xiGwenn PULLIATPart 1. Spaces 1Chapter 1. The Urban Vegetable Garden: A Socioecological Component of the City 3Thi-Thanh-Hien PHAM and Paul Émile TCHINDA1.1. Introduction 31.2. Definitions of the vegetable garden 61.3. Historical significance of vegetable gardens 81.4. What vegetable gardens tell us about how cities are made 91.5. Conclusion 231.6. References 23Chapter 2. Unequal Access to Agricultural Land within Cities 31Angèle PROUST2.1. Introduction 312.2. Urban agriculture as a testament to social, spatial and historical injustices in São Paulo 342.3. Eco-gentrification: limits and challenges of shared gardens 402.4. Nature in the city and agriculture: an ambiguous relationship 492.5. Conclusion 522.6. References 53Chapter 3. The Reconfiguration of a Peri-urban Market Gardening Plain 59Isabelle DUVERNOY3.1. Introduction: market gardening, from decline to urban demand 593.2. Agriculture in urban policies 613.3. Agricultural areas and activities in and around Toulouse 623.4. Public control and projects in an urban market gardening area 673.5. Conclusion 773.6. References 78Part 2. Stakeholders 83Chapter 4. Urban Agriculture and Food Assistance 85Camille HOCHEDEZ4.1. Introduction 854.2. Food assistance: an emergency measure that worsens the disconnect between vulnerable urban populations and agricultural resources 884.3. Initiatives to reconnect vulnerable populations with local agricultural resources: toward a relocalization of food assistance 974.4. Dynamics and experiences of relocalizing food assistance in a medium-sized French city: the example of Poitiers 1064.5. Conclusion 1174.6. References 119Chapter 5. Commercial Urban Agriculture in Global City Centers 123Ségolène DARLY and Kristin REYNOLDS5.1. Commercial agriculture diversifying within cities 1235.2. Access to land: a policy framework with variable constraints 1315.3. Trend toward increased polarization in urban agriculture 1315.4. Conclusion 1335.5. References 133Chapter 6. Peri-urban Farmers Navigating Multiple Expectations 139Héloïse LELOUP6.1. Introduction 1396.2. Agriculture as seen by urban dwellers: the emergence of new expectations and new functions for the activity 1426.3. Urban farmers: between adapting to the city and the persistence of existing models 1516.4. Adapting to the city's demands: unprecedented ambiguities 1596.5. Conclusion 1666.6. References 167Part 3. Environment 177Chapter 7. The Environmental Services of Urban Agriculture 179Gwenn PULLIAT7.1. A wide range of environmental services provided by agricultural areas at multiple scales 1807.2. A special place within the urban setting 1867.3. How can we assess the environmental functions of urban and peri-urban agricultural lands? 1907.4. Conclusion 1927.5. References 193Chapter 8. Agriculture in Environmental Risk Management 197Gwenn PULLIAT8.1. Agricultural areas in flood risk management 1988.2. Agricultural areas and urban development: what role should agricultural areas play in urban planning? 2048.3. Conclusion 2118.4. References 211Chapter 9. Gardening in the Post-industrial City. 215Louise CLOCHEY9.1. Introduction 2159.2. The socio-environmental challenges of urban gardening 2179.3. Daily practices and micro-politics in two community gardens in Dunkirk: a case study in political ecology 2299.4. Conclusion 2429.5. References 244Conclusion 253Gwenn PULLIATList of Authors 255Index 257

Gwenn Pulliat is Researcher in Geography at CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), France. Her work mostly focuses on urban food systems, particularly on the social and environmental challenges of food production in urban regions.

• Introduction. The Role of Agriculture in the Making of the City xiGwenn PULLIATPart 1. Spaces 1Chapter 1. The Urban Vegetable Garden: A Socioecological Component of the City 3Thi-Thanh-Hien PHAM and Paul Émile TCHINDA1.1. Introduction 31.2. Definitions of the vegetable garden 61.3. Historical significance of vegetable gardens 81.4. What vegetable gardens tell us about how cities are made 91.5. Conclusion 231.6. References 23Chapter 2. Unequal Access to Agricultural Land within Cities 31Angèle PROUST2.1. Introduction 312.2. Urban agriculture as a testament to social, spatial and historical injustices in São Paulo 342.3. Eco-gentrification: limits and challenges of shared gardens 402.4. Nature in the city and agriculture: an ambiguous relationship 492.5. Conclusion 522.6. References 53Chapter 3. The Reconfiguration of a Peri-urban Market Gardening Plain 59Isabelle DUVERNOY3.1. Introduction: market gardening, from decline to urban demand 593.2. Agriculture in urban policies 613.3. Agricultural areas and activities in and around Toulouse 623.4. Public control and projects in an urban market gardening area 673.5. Conclusion 773.6. References 78Part 2. Stakeholders 83Chapter 4. Urban Agriculture and Food Assistance 85Camille HOCHEDEZ4.1. Introduction 854.2. Food assistance: an emergency measure that worsens the disconnect between vulnerable urban populations and agricultural resources 884.3. Initiatives to reconnect vulnerable populations with local agricultural resources: toward a relocalization of food assistance 974.4. Dynamics and experiences of relocalizing food assistance in a medium-sized French city: the example of Poitiers 1064.5. Conclusion 1174.6. References 119Chapter 5. Commercial Urban Agriculture in Global City Centers 123Ségolène DARLY and Kristin REYNOLDS5.1. Commercial agriculture diversifying within cities 1235.2. Access to land: a policy framework with variable constraints 1315.3. Trend toward increased polarization in urban agriculture 1315.4. Conclusion 1335.5. References 133Chapter 6. Peri-urban Farmers Navigating Multiple Expectations 139Héloïse LELOUP6.1. Introduction 1396.2. Agriculture as seen by urban dwellers: the emergence of new expectations and new functions for the activity 1426.3. Urban farmers: between adapting to the city and the persistence of existing models 1516.4. Adapting to the city's demands: unprecedented ambiguities 1596.5. Conclusion 1666.6. References 167Part 3. Environment 177Chapter 7. The Environmental Services of Urban Agriculture 179Gwenn PULLIAT7.1. A wide range of environmental services provided by agricultural areas at multiple scales 1807.2. A special place within the urban setting 1867.3. How can we assess the environmental functions of urban and peri-urban agricultural lands? 1907.4. Conclusion 1927.5. References 193Chapter 8. Agriculture in Environmental Risk Management 197Gwenn PULLIAT8.1. Agricultural areas in flood risk management 1988.2. Agricultural areas and urban development: what role should agricultural areas play in urban planning? 2048.3. Conclusion 2118.4. References 211Chapter 9. Gardening in the Post-industrial City. 215Louise CLOCHEY9.1. Introduction 2159.2. The socio-environmental challenges of urban gardening 2179.3. Daily practices and micro-politics in two community gardens in Dunkirk: a case study in political ecology 2299.4. Conclusion 2429.5. References 244Conclusion 253Gwenn PULLIATList of Authors 255Index 257