Jasper Krommendijk, Professor of Human Rights Law, Research Centre for State and Law (SteR), Radboud University, the Netherlands

‘This book will be valuable to any scholar interested in the preliminary reference procedure and the overall functioning of the EU legal system. The unique aspect of the book is its interdisciplinary approach, which successfully combines legal analysis with the exploration of interview data. Another of the book’s strengths is its comprehensiveness with regard to the analysis of the different stages of the preliminary reference procedure.’

• Contents: 1. Introduction to National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice 2. Legal formalism versus pragmatism 3. Other non-political considerations and factors 4. Politico-strategic reasons 5. The interaction: dialogue or monologue? 6. Perspectives on the answers of the ECJ 7. Follow-up: strict adherence or divergence? 8. Conclusions to National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice Bibliography Index

Jasper Krommendijk, Professor of Human Rights Law, Research Centre for State and Law (SteR), Radboud University, the Netherlands

‘This book will be valuable to any scholar interested in the preliminary reference procedure and the overall functioning of the EU legal system. The unique aspect of the book is its interdisciplinary approach, which successfully combines legal analysis with the exploration of interview data. Another of the book’s strengths is its comprehensiveness with regard to the analysis of the different stages of the preliminary reference procedure.’

• Contents: 1. Introduction to National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice 2. Legal formalism versus pragmatism 3. Other non-political considerations and factors 4. Politico-strategic reasons 5. The interaction: dialogue or monologue? 6. Perspectives on the answers of the ECJ 7. Follow-up: strict adherence or divergence? 8. Conclusions to National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice Bibliography Index

Jasper Krommendijk, Professor of Human Rights Law, Research Centre for State and Law (SteR), Radboud University, the Netherlands

‘This book will be valuable to any scholar interested in the preliminary reference procedure and the overall functioning of the EU legal system. The unique aspect of the book is its interdisciplinary approach, which successfully combines legal analysis with the exploration of interview data. Another of the book’s strengths is its comprehensiveness with regard to the analysis of the different stages of the preliminary reference procedure.’

• Contents: 1. Introduction to National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice 2. Legal formalism versus pragmatism 3. Other non-political considerations and factors 4. Politico-strategic reasons 5. The interaction: dialogue or monologue? 6. Perspectives on the answers of the ECJ 7. Follow-up: strict adherence or divergence? 8. Conclusions to National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice Bibliography Index