David Grant Pickernell is Professor of Small Business and Enterprise Development at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Current research focuses on enterprise development policy and roles of universities in innovation and enterprise.Martina Battisti is a Professor at Grenoble Ecole de Management, France. Her research is centred on small business and entrepreneurship particularly factors contributing to growth and innovation.Zoe Dann is Associate Dean (Students) and Senior Lecturer in Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Faculty of Business and Law at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Her research focuses on entrepreneurship and innovation and making learning authentic, as an enterprise educator.Carol Ekinsmyth is a Principle Lecturer at the University of Portsmouth, UK. She is an economic geographer with interests in work/labour, particularly entrepreneurship and self-employment in the creative industries.

• Foreword; Rhiannon PughChapter 1. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Critical Literature Review and Introduction; Shuangfa Huang, David Grant Pickernell, Martina Battisti, Zoe Dann, and Carol EkinsmythTheme 1: Background and Theory Chapter 2. The (Mixed) Motivations of Those Engaged in Enterprise and Experiencing Poverty; Isla Kapasi, Rebecca Stirzaker, Laura Galloway, Laura Jackman, and Andreea Mihut Chapter 3. The Influence of Human Capital in Entrepreneurial Intention in Deprived Areas: A Theoretical Framework; Yuxi Zhao, Elaine Arici, Kostas Galanakis, and Piers Thompson Theme 2: Contexts Chapter 4. A Gendered Perspective Applied to Latin American Entrepreneurial Ecosystems; Allan Villegas-Mateos Chapter 5. Migrant Women Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Raushan Aman, Petri Ahokangas, Maria Elo, and Xiaotian Zhang Chapter 6. How Do Refugee Entrepreneurs Navigate Institutional Voids? Insights From Malaysia; Wee Chan Au, Andreana Drencheva, and Jian Li Yew Theme 3: Ecosystem Substitutes and Compliments Chapter 7. Relational Dynamics Within Refugee Business Incubators: Bridging Refugee Entrepreneurs to The Host-Country Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Carolin Jürgens, Anorth Ramalingam, Roch Zarembski, Aki Harima, and Tenzin Yeshi Chapter 8. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Civil Society Organisations in The Sierra Leone Petty Trading Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Samppa Kamara, Ahmad Arslan, and Desislava Dikova Chapter 9. The Ecosystem of UK Social Entrepreneurship: A Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Studies; Gareth R.T. White, Robert Allen, Anthony Samuel, Dan Taylor, Robert Thomas, and Paul Jones Chapter 10. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Conclusions and Areas For Future Research; David Grant Pickernell, Martina Battisti, Zoe Dann, and Carol Ekinsmyth

David Grant Pickernell is Professor of Small Business and Enterprise Development at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Current research focuses on enterprise development policy and roles of universities in innovation and enterprise.Martina Battisti is a Professor at Grenoble Ecole de Management, France. Her research is centred on small business and entrepreneurship particularly factors contributing to growth and innovation.Zoe Dann is Associate Dean (Students) and Senior Lecturer in Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Faculty of Business and Law at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Her research focuses on entrepreneurship and innovation and making learning authentic, as an enterprise educator.Carol Ekinsmyth is a Principle Lecturer at the University of Portsmouth, UK. She is an economic geographer with interests in work/labour, particularly entrepreneurship and self-employment in the creative industries.

• Foreword; Rhiannon PughChapter 1. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Critical Literature Review and Introduction; Shuangfa Huang, David Grant Pickernell, Martina Battisti, Zoe Dann, and Carol EkinsmythTheme 1: Background and Theory Chapter 2. The (Mixed) Motivations of Those Engaged in Enterprise and Experiencing Poverty; Isla Kapasi, Rebecca Stirzaker, Laura Galloway, Laura Jackman, and Andreea Mihut Chapter 3. The Influence of Human Capital in Entrepreneurial Intention in Deprived Areas: A Theoretical Framework; Yuxi Zhao, Elaine Arici, Kostas Galanakis, and Piers Thompson Theme 2: Contexts Chapter 4. A Gendered Perspective Applied to Latin American Entrepreneurial Ecosystems; Allan Villegas-Mateos Chapter 5. Migrant Women Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Raushan Aman, Petri Ahokangas, Maria Elo, and Xiaotian Zhang Chapter 6. How Do Refugee Entrepreneurs Navigate Institutional Voids? Insights From Malaysia; Wee Chan Au, Andreana Drencheva, and Jian Li Yew Theme 3: Ecosystem Substitutes and Compliments Chapter 7. Relational Dynamics Within Refugee Business Incubators: Bridging Refugee Entrepreneurs to The Host-Country Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Carolin Jürgens, Anorth Ramalingam, Roch Zarembski, Aki Harima, and Tenzin Yeshi Chapter 8. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Civil Society Organisations in The Sierra Leone Petty Trading Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Samppa Kamara, Ahmad Arslan, and Desislava Dikova Chapter 9. The Ecosystem of UK Social Entrepreneurship: A Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Studies; Gareth R.T. White, Robert Allen, Anthony Samuel, Dan Taylor, Robert Thomas, and Paul Jones Chapter 10. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Conclusions and Areas For Future Research; David Grant Pickernell, Martina Battisti, Zoe Dann, and Carol Ekinsmyth

David Grant Pickernell is Professor of Small Business and Enterprise Development at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Current research focuses on enterprise development policy and roles of universities in innovation and enterprise.Martina Battisti is a Professor at Grenoble Ecole de Management, France. Her research is centred on small business and entrepreneurship particularly factors contributing to growth and innovation.Zoe Dann is Associate Dean (Students) and Senior Lecturer in Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in the Faculty of Business and Law at the University of Portsmouth, UK. Her research focuses on entrepreneurship and innovation and making learning authentic, as an enterprise educator.Carol Ekinsmyth is a Principle Lecturer at the University of Portsmouth, UK. She is an economic geographer with interests in work/labour, particularly entrepreneurship and self-employment in the creative industries.

• Foreword; Rhiannon PughChapter 1. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Critical Literature Review and Introduction; Shuangfa Huang, David Grant Pickernell, Martina Battisti, Zoe Dann, and Carol EkinsmythTheme 1: Background and Theory Chapter 2. The (Mixed) Motivations of Those Engaged in Enterprise and Experiencing Poverty; Isla Kapasi, Rebecca Stirzaker, Laura Galloway, Laura Jackman, and Andreea Mihut Chapter 3. The Influence of Human Capital in Entrepreneurial Intention in Deprived Areas: A Theoretical Framework; Yuxi Zhao, Elaine Arici, Kostas Galanakis, and Piers Thompson Theme 2: Contexts Chapter 4. A Gendered Perspective Applied to Latin American Entrepreneurial Ecosystems; Allan Villegas-Mateos Chapter 5. Migrant Women Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Raushan Aman, Petri Ahokangas, Maria Elo, and Xiaotian Zhang Chapter 6. How Do Refugee Entrepreneurs Navigate Institutional Voids? Insights From Malaysia; Wee Chan Au, Andreana Drencheva, and Jian Li Yew Theme 3: Ecosystem Substitutes and Compliments Chapter 7. Relational Dynamics Within Refugee Business Incubators: Bridging Refugee Entrepreneurs to The Host-Country Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Carolin Jürgens, Anorth Ramalingam, Roch Zarembski, Aki Harima, and Tenzin Yeshi Chapter 8. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship Development: The Role of Civil Society Organisations in The Sierra Leone Petty Trading Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Samppa Kamara, Ahmad Arslan, and Desislava Dikova Chapter 9. The Ecosystem of UK Social Entrepreneurship: A Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Studies; Gareth R.T. White, Robert Allen, Anthony Samuel, Dan Taylor, Robert Thomas, and Paul Jones Chapter 10. Disadvantaged Entrepreneurship and The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Conclusions and Areas For Future Research; David Grant Pickernell, Martina Battisti, Zoe Dann, and Carol Ekinsmyth