Edited by Hilke Brockmann, Professor of Sociology, Constructor University (formerly Jacobs University) Bremen gGmbH, Germany and formerly Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Italy and Roger Fernandez-Urbano, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg and formerly Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Italy

• ContentsForeword xiiPrefaceProfessor Carol GrahamIntroduction to the Encyclopedia of Happiness, Quality of Life and Subjective Wellbeing xiiiHilke Brockmann and Roger Fernandez-Urbano PART I FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS AND DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 1 A biological approach to understanding happiness 2Bjørn Grinde2 The economics of happiness research 7Roger Fernandez-Urbano3 The epistemology of wellbeing 14Mark Fabian4 The ethics of wellbeing 22Mark Fabian5 Neuroscience and genetics of mental wellbeing and clinical applications 29Justine M Gatt6 Positive affect and health: past, present, and future scientific endeavors 38Elaine Tannouz, Veronica Ramirez and Sarah D Pressman7 Positive psychology and happiness research 46Song Yan8 Public policy and happiness 56Alois StutzerPART II DETERMINANTS AND MECHANISMS OF WELLBEING 9 Age and happiness 66Alan Piper10 Balance and harmony 73Tim Lomas11 Consumerism and biased perceptions on happiness 81Namho Kim and Astrid Schütz12 Correlations, causality, and mechanisms between happiness and health 90Maren M. Michaelsen and Tobias Esch13 Cultural differences and happiness 99Hidefumi Hitokoto and Yoshiaki Takahashi14 Education and happiness: schooling does not add to your personal happiness but does add to the average happiness of all 107Ana Costa, Ângela Leite, Paulo C. Dias, and Ruut Veenhoven15 Environmental science and happiness 115Aida Horaniet Ibañez and Dagny Aurich16 Individual wellbeing and cortisol 125Daniela Andrén, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D’Ambrosio, Sune Karlsson and Nicklas Pettersson17 Job insecurity and subjective wellbeing 134Anthony Lepinteur18 Money and happiness 139Rémy Bellaunay, Alberto Prati and Christian Krekel 19 Physical pain and wellbeing 147 Lucía Macchia 20 Relative income – relative concerns 152 Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell 21 Resilience and positive mental health 157 Jessica Armitage 22 Sense of touch and happiness 164 Taina Kinnunen 23 Singlehood and wellbeing 171 Daniela Bellani and Francesca Luppi 24 Social capital and subjective wellbeing 180 Francesco Sarracino and Guilia Slater 25 Social cohesion and happiness: findings from the social cohesion radar 189 Klaus Boehnke 26 Social mobility and subjective wellbeing 193 Andreas Hadjar, Fabian Kratz and Robin Samuel 27 The state of the art on children’s subjective well-being and quality of life 200 Sabirah Adams, Shazly Savahl, Ferran Casas, Mònica González-Carrasco, Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo, Tobia Fattore and Susann Fegter 28 Status anxiety and wellbeing 214 Jan Delhey and Leonie C Steckermeier 29 The study of risk and resilience 220 Ingrid Schoon PART III WELLBEING ACROSS DIFFERENT POPULATIONS 30 Cities and happiness: past, present, and future 228 Kostas Mouratidis 31 Geography and happiness: a space and place approach 237 Thanasis Ziogas and Alvertos Konstantinis 32 Happiness and indigenous peoples 244 Luciano E Sewaybricker 33 Happiness and migration 252 Martijn Hendriks 34 Latin American happiness. Lessons for a new paradigm of progress as happiness 258 Mariano Rojas 35 Romantic relationships, partners, and happiness in under-represented groups 265 Jane EM Carter and Laura Kudrna 36 Should 7.5 billion earthlings be happy? A view from Indian sub-continent 276 Saamdu Chetri 37 Subjective wellbeing of children: concept, measurement and empirical application 283 Nevena Kulic and Markus Laaninen 38 Wellbeing in India: past, present, and future perspectives 289 Chinglen Laishram 39 World Happiness Report: origins, purpose, contents, impact and future 296 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs, Jan- Emmanuel De Neve, Lara Aknin and Shun Wang PART IV DATA, METHODS AND MEASURES IN WELLBEING RESEARCH 40 Assessment of the reliability of subjective measures 305 Filomena Maggino 41 Big data and happiness 310 Stephanié Rossouw and Talita Greyling 42 Happiness: cardinal measurability and interpersonal comparability 316 Yew-Kwang Ng 43 Japan’s happiness index: concept, framework and a public policy tool 322 Yoshiaki Takahashi 44 Measuring societal progress 337 Kelsey J O’Connor 45 The OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being 347 Carrie Exton, Jessica Mahoney and Conal Smith 46 Wellby 353 Paul Frijters and Raúl G Sanchis 47 The World Database of Happiness: A findings archive 355 Ruut Veenhoven 48 Animal happiness 362 Laura E Webb and Margit Bak Jensen PART V EMERGING AND TRENDING TOPICS 49 Automation and wellbeing 370 Daniela Bellani and Honorata Bogusz 50 Autonomy and wellbeing 377 Leonie C Steckermeier 51 Brain stimulation and genetic engineering 384 Yew-Kwang Ng 52 Social policy, child poverty, and children’s quality of life or children, social policy, and children’s quality of life 390 Enrique Delamonica 53 Cold comfort: wellbeing through extreme environmental exposure 401 Antti Lindfors and Taina Kinnunen 54 Eco-anxiety and happiness 408 Panu Pihkala and Thomas Doherty 55 Happiness and spatial inequality: past, present, and future 417 Maria Cotofan 56 Meritocracy and happiness 424 Hilke Brockmann and John Torpey 57 Productivity and subjective wellbeing 433 Chiara Peroni and Francesco Sarracino 58 Purpose, spirituality, and happiness: a multidimensional perspective 440 Cornelia C. Walther 59 War and happiness 444 Tom Coupe and Maksym Obrizan 60 Work from home and subjective wellbeing 449 Claudia Senik PART VI RESUMÉS 61 The tapestry of life: a personal story 456 Alex C Michalos 62 Epilogue 467 ChatGPT

Edited by Hilke Brockmann, Professor of Sociology, Constructor University (formerly Jacobs University) Bremen gGmbH, Germany and formerly Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Italy and Roger Fernandez-Urbano, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg and formerly Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Italy

• ContentsForeword xiiPrefaceProfessor Carol GrahamIntroduction to the Encyclopedia of Happiness, Quality of Life and Subjective Wellbeing xiiiHilke Brockmann and Roger Fernandez-Urbano PART I FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS AND DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 1 A biological approach to understanding happiness 2Bjørn Grinde2 The economics of happiness research 7Roger Fernandez-Urbano3 The epistemology of wellbeing 14Mark Fabian4 The ethics of wellbeing 22Mark Fabian5 Neuroscience and genetics of mental wellbeing and clinical applications 29Justine M Gatt6 Positive affect and health: past, present, and future scientific endeavors 38Elaine Tannouz, Veronica Ramirez and Sarah D Pressman7 Positive psychology and happiness research 46Song Yan8 Public policy and happiness 56Alois StutzerPART II DETERMINANTS AND MECHANISMS OF WELLBEING 9 Age and happiness 66Alan Piper10 Balance and harmony 73Tim Lomas11 Consumerism and biased perceptions on happiness 81Namho Kim and Astrid Schütz12 Correlations, causality, and mechanisms between happiness and health 90Maren M. Michaelsen and Tobias Esch13 Cultural differences and happiness 99Hidefumi Hitokoto and Yoshiaki Takahashi14 Education and happiness: schooling does not add to your personal happiness but does add to the average happiness of all 107Ana Costa, Ângela Leite, Paulo C. Dias, and Ruut Veenhoven15 Environmental science and happiness 115Aida Horaniet Ibañez and Dagny Aurich16 Individual wellbeing and cortisol 125Daniela Andrén, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D’Ambrosio, Sune Karlsson and Nicklas Pettersson17 Job insecurity and subjective wellbeing 134Anthony Lepinteur18 Money and happiness 139Rémy Bellaunay, Alberto Prati and Christian Krekel 19 Physical pain and wellbeing 147 Lucía Macchia 20 Relative income – relative concerns 152 Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell 21 Resilience and positive mental health 157 Jessica Armitage 22 Sense of touch and happiness 164 Taina Kinnunen 23 Singlehood and wellbeing 171 Daniela Bellani and Francesca Luppi 24 Social capital and subjective wellbeing 180 Francesco Sarracino and Guilia Slater 25 Social cohesion and happiness: findings from the social cohesion radar 189 Klaus Boehnke 26 Social mobility and subjective wellbeing 193 Andreas Hadjar, Fabian Kratz and Robin Samuel 27 The state of the art on children’s subjective well-being and quality of life 200 Sabirah Adams, Shazly Savahl, Ferran Casas, Mònica González-Carrasco, Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo, Tobia Fattore and Susann Fegter 28 Status anxiety and wellbeing 214 Jan Delhey and Leonie C Steckermeier 29 The study of risk and resilience 220 Ingrid Schoon PART III WELLBEING ACROSS DIFFERENT POPULATIONS 30 Cities and happiness: past, present, and future 228 Kostas Mouratidis 31 Geography and happiness: a space and place approach 237 Thanasis Ziogas and Alvertos Konstantinis 32 Happiness and indigenous peoples 244 Luciano E Sewaybricker 33 Happiness and migration 252 Martijn Hendriks 34 Latin American happiness. Lessons for a new paradigm of progress as happiness 258 Mariano Rojas 35 Romantic relationships, partners, and happiness in under-represented groups 265 Jane EM Carter and Laura Kudrna 36 Should 7.5 billion earthlings be happy? A view from Indian sub-continent 276 Saamdu Chetri 37 Subjective wellbeing of children: concept, measurement and empirical application 283 Nevena Kulic and Markus Laaninen 38 Wellbeing in India: past, present, and future perspectives 289 Chinglen Laishram 39 World Happiness Report: origins, purpose, contents, impact and future 296 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs, Jan- Emmanuel De Neve, Lara Aknin and Shun Wang PART IV DATA, METHODS AND MEASURES IN WELLBEING RESEARCH 40 Assessment of the reliability of subjective measures 305 Filomena Maggino 41 Big data and happiness 310 Stephanié Rossouw and Talita Greyling 42 Happiness: cardinal measurability and interpersonal comparability 316 Yew-Kwang Ng 43 Japan’s happiness index: concept, framework and a public policy tool 322 Yoshiaki Takahashi 44 Measuring societal progress 337 Kelsey J O’Connor 45 The OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being 347 Carrie Exton, Jessica Mahoney and Conal Smith 46 Wellby 353 Paul Frijters and Raúl G Sanchis 47 The World Database of Happiness: A findings archive 355 Ruut Veenhoven 48 Animal happiness 362 Laura E Webb and Margit Bak Jensen PART V EMERGING AND TRENDING TOPICS 49 Automation and wellbeing 370 Daniela Bellani and Honorata Bogusz 50 Autonomy and wellbeing 377 Leonie C Steckermeier 51 Brain stimulation and genetic engineering 384 Yew-Kwang Ng 52 Social policy, child poverty, and children’s quality of life or children, social policy, and children’s quality of life 390 Enrique Delamonica 53 Cold comfort: wellbeing through extreme environmental exposure 401 Antti Lindfors and Taina Kinnunen 54 Eco-anxiety and happiness 408 Panu Pihkala and Thomas Doherty 55 Happiness and spatial inequality: past, present, and future 417 Maria Cotofan 56 Meritocracy and happiness 424 Hilke Brockmann and John Torpey 57 Productivity and subjective wellbeing 433 Chiara Peroni and Francesco Sarracino 58 Purpose, spirituality, and happiness: a multidimensional perspective 440 Cornelia C. Walther 59 War and happiness 444 Tom Coupe and Maksym Obrizan 60 Work from home and subjective wellbeing 449 Claudia Senik PART VI RESUMÉS 61 The tapestry of life: a personal story 456 Alex C Michalos 62 Epilogue 467 ChatGPT

Edited by Hilke Brockmann, Professor of Sociology, Constructor University (formerly Jacobs University) Bremen gGmbH, Germany and formerly Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Italy and Roger Fernandez-Urbano, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg and formerly Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Italy

• ContentsForeword xiiPrefaceProfessor Carol GrahamIntroduction to the Encyclopedia of Happiness, Quality of Life and Subjective Wellbeing xiiiHilke Brockmann and Roger Fernandez-Urbano PART I FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS AND DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 1 A biological approach to understanding happiness 2Bjørn Grinde2 The economics of happiness research 7Roger Fernandez-Urbano3 The epistemology of wellbeing 14Mark Fabian4 The ethics of wellbeing 22Mark Fabian5 Neuroscience and genetics of mental wellbeing and clinical applications 29Justine M Gatt6 Positive affect and health: past, present, and future scientific endeavors 38Elaine Tannouz, Veronica Ramirez and Sarah D Pressman7 Positive psychology and happiness research 46Song Yan8 Public policy and happiness 56Alois StutzerPART II DETERMINANTS AND MECHANISMS OF WELLBEING 9 Age and happiness 66Alan Piper10 Balance and harmony 73Tim Lomas11 Consumerism and biased perceptions on happiness 81Namho Kim and Astrid Schütz12 Correlations, causality, and mechanisms between happiness and health 90Maren M. Michaelsen and Tobias Esch13 Cultural differences and happiness 99Hidefumi Hitokoto and Yoshiaki Takahashi14 Education and happiness: schooling does not add to your personal happiness but does add to the average happiness of all 107Ana Costa, Ângela Leite, Paulo C. Dias, and Ruut Veenhoven15 Environmental science and happiness 115Aida Horaniet Ibañez and Dagny Aurich16 Individual wellbeing and cortisol 125Daniela Andrén, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D’Ambrosio, Sune Karlsson and Nicklas Pettersson17 Job insecurity and subjective wellbeing 134Anthony Lepinteur18 Money and happiness 139Rémy Bellaunay, Alberto Prati and Christian Krekel 19 Physical pain and wellbeing 147 Lucía Macchia 20 Relative income – relative concerns 152 Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell 21 Resilience and positive mental health 157 Jessica Armitage 22 Sense of touch and happiness 164 Taina Kinnunen 23 Singlehood and wellbeing 171 Daniela Bellani and Francesca Luppi 24 Social capital and subjective wellbeing 180 Francesco Sarracino and Guilia Slater 25 Social cohesion and happiness: findings from the social cohesion radar 189 Klaus Boehnke 26 Social mobility and subjective wellbeing 193 Andreas Hadjar, Fabian Kratz and Robin Samuel 27 The state of the art on children’s subjective well-being and quality of life 200 Sabirah Adams, Shazly Savahl, Ferran Casas, Mònica González-Carrasco, Ihsana Sabriani Borualogo, Tobia Fattore and Susann Fegter 28 Status anxiety and wellbeing 214 Jan Delhey and Leonie C Steckermeier 29 The study of risk and resilience 220 Ingrid Schoon PART III WELLBEING ACROSS DIFFERENT POPULATIONS 30 Cities and happiness: past, present, and future 228 Kostas Mouratidis 31 Geography and happiness: a space and place approach 237 Thanasis Ziogas and Alvertos Konstantinis 32 Happiness and indigenous peoples 244 Luciano E Sewaybricker 33 Happiness and migration 252 Martijn Hendriks 34 Latin American happiness. Lessons for a new paradigm of progress as happiness 258 Mariano Rojas 35 Romantic relationships, partners, and happiness in under-represented groups 265 Jane EM Carter and Laura Kudrna 36 Should 7.5 billion earthlings be happy? A view from Indian sub-continent 276 Saamdu Chetri 37 Subjective wellbeing of children: concept, measurement and empirical application 283 Nevena Kulic and Markus Laaninen 38 Wellbeing in India: past, present, and future perspectives 289 Chinglen Laishram 39 World Happiness Report: origins, purpose, contents, impact and future 296 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs, Jan- Emmanuel De Neve, Lara Aknin and Shun Wang PART IV DATA, METHODS AND MEASURES IN WELLBEING RESEARCH 40 Assessment of the reliability of subjective measures 305 Filomena Maggino 41 Big data and happiness 310 Stephanié Rossouw and Talita Greyling 42 Happiness: cardinal measurability and interpersonal comparability 316 Yew-Kwang Ng 43 Japan’s happiness index: concept, framework and a public policy tool 322 Yoshiaki Takahashi 44 Measuring societal progress 337 Kelsey J O’Connor 45 The OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being 347 Carrie Exton, Jessica Mahoney and Conal Smith 46 Wellby 353 Paul Frijters and Raúl G Sanchis 47 The World Database of Happiness: A findings archive 355 Ruut Veenhoven 48 Animal happiness 362 Laura E Webb and Margit Bak Jensen PART V EMERGING AND TRENDING TOPICS 49 Automation and wellbeing 370 Daniela Bellani and Honorata Bogusz 50 Autonomy and wellbeing 377 Leonie C Steckermeier 51 Brain stimulation and genetic engineering 384 Yew-Kwang Ng 52 Social policy, child poverty, and children’s quality of life or children, social policy, and children’s quality of life 390 Enrique Delamonica 53 Cold comfort: wellbeing through extreme environmental exposure 401 Antti Lindfors and Taina Kinnunen 54 Eco-anxiety and happiness 408 Panu Pihkala and Thomas Doherty 55 Happiness and spatial inequality: past, present, and future 417 Maria Cotofan 56 Meritocracy and happiness 424 Hilke Brockmann and John Torpey 57 Productivity and subjective wellbeing 433 Chiara Peroni and Francesco Sarracino 58 Purpose, spirituality, and happiness: a multidimensional perspective 440 Cornelia C. Walther 59 War and happiness 444 Tom Coupe and Maksym Obrizan 60 Work from home and subjective wellbeing 449 Claudia Senik PART VI RESUMÉS 61 The tapestry of life: a personal story 456 Alex C Michalos 62 Epilogue 467 ChatGPT