Dr Ramy Elsehrawy is Senior Information Management Consultant at Mott MacDonald, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. Professor Bimal Kumar is Professor of Innovative Digital Construction Technologies at the University of Strathclyde, UK.

• Introduction 11.1. Background, rationale and motivations 1.2. Core challenge 1.3. The motivation behind this book 1.4. The scope of this book 1.5. Book structure 2 Our lens and approach 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Our philosophy – critical realism 2.3. Research methodology 2.4. DSR [1]: Awareness of problem 2.5. DSR [2]: Suggestion 2.6. DSR [3]: Development 2.7. DSR [4]: Evaluation 2.8. DSR [5]: Conclusion 3 Navigating the landscape 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Systems thinking 3.3. Urban management 3.4. Digital twin 3.5. Systematic literature review 3.6. Q1 – Synthesis of results 3.7. Q2 – Synthesis of results 3.8. Q3 and Q4 – Synthesis of results 3.9. Summary 4 Designed amalgam of twinning for urbanmanagement (DATUM): the way forward 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Three-layered perspective 4.3. Layer 2: The morphogenetic/morphostatic framework 4.4. Layer 3: The structure of scientific revolution 4.5. The evolution of urban management 4.6. Designed amalgam of twinning for urbanmanagement [DATUM] 4.7. Summary 5 Methods: digital twin uses classificationsystem (DTUCS) 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Digital twin uses classification system 5.3. The gemini framework: reference architecture 6 Philosophical foundations: critical realism 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Way forward – three theoretical propositions 7 Methodology: Data-driven multimethodmethodology [DM2] 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Existing CR-informed methodologies 7.3. Data-driven multi-method methodology [DM2] 7.4. Summary 8 Putting DATUM to the test 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Evaluation of philosophical element 8.3. Evaluation of methodical element 8.4. Evaluation of DATUM 8.5 Summary 9 Reflections and future prospects 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Contributions of this book 9.3. Recommendations 9.4. Future work Index

Dr Ramy Elsehrawy is Senior Information Management Consultant at Mott MacDonald, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. Professor Bimal Kumar is Professor of Innovative Digital Construction Technologies at the University of Strathclyde, UK.

• Introduction 11.1. Background, rationale and motivations 1.2. Core challenge 1.3. The motivation behind this book 1.4. The scope of this book 1.5. Book structure 2 Our lens and approach 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Our philosophy – critical realism 2.3. Research methodology 2.4. DSR [1]: Awareness of problem 2.5. DSR [2]: Suggestion 2.6. DSR [3]: Development 2.7. DSR [4]: Evaluation 2.8. DSR [5]: Conclusion 3 Navigating the landscape 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Systems thinking 3.3. Urban management 3.4. Digital twin 3.5. Systematic literature review 3.6. Q1 – Synthesis of results 3.7. Q2 – Synthesis of results 3.8. Q3 and Q4 – Synthesis of results 3.9. Summary 4 Designed amalgam of twinning for urbanmanagement (DATUM): the way forward 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Three-layered perspective 4.3. Layer 2: The morphogenetic/morphostatic framework 4.4. Layer 3: The structure of scientific revolution 4.5. The evolution of urban management 4.6. Designed amalgam of twinning for urbanmanagement [DATUM] 4.7. Summary 5 Methods: digital twin uses classificationsystem (DTUCS) 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Digital twin uses classification system 5.3. The gemini framework: reference architecture 6 Philosophical foundations: critical realism 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Way forward – three theoretical propositions 7 Methodology: Data-driven multimethodmethodology [DM2] 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Existing CR-informed methodologies 7.3. Data-driven multi-method methodology [DM2] 7.4. Summary 8 Putting DATUM to the test 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Evaluation of philosophical element 8.3. Evaluation of methodical element 8.4. Evaluation of DATUM 8.5 Summary 9 Reflections and future prospects 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Contributions of this book 9.3. Recommendations 9.4. Future work Index

Dr Ramy Elsehrawy is Senior Information Management Consultant at Mott MacDonald, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. Professor Bimal Kumar is Professor of Innovative Digital Construction Technologies at the University of Strathclyde, UK.

• Introduction 11.1. Background, rationale and motivations 1.2. Core challenge 1.3. The motivation behind this book 1.4. The scope of this book 1.5. Book structure 2 Our lens and approach 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Our philosophy – critical realism 2.3. Research methodology 2.4. DSR [1]: Awareness of problem 2.5. DSR [2]: Suggestion 2.6. DSR [3]: Development 2.7. DSR [4]: Evaluation 2.8. DSR [5]: Conclusion 3 Navigating the landscape 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Systems thinking 3.3. Urban management 3.4. Digital twin 3.5. Systematic literature review 3.6. Q1 – Synthesis of results 3.7. Q2 – Synthesis of results 3.8. Q3 and Q4 – Synthesis of results 3.9. Summary 4 Designed amalgam of twinning for urbanmanagement (DATUM): the way forward 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Three-layered perspective 4.3. Layer 2: The morphogenetic/morphostatic framework 4.4. Layer 3: The structure of scientific revolution 4.5. The evolution of urban management 4.6. Designed amalgam of twinning for urbanmanagement [DATUM] 4.7. Summary 5 Methods: digital twin uses classificationsystem (DTUCS) 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Digital twin uses classification system 5.3. The gemini framework: reference architecture 6 Philosophical foundations: critical realism 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Way forward – three theoretical propositions 7 Methodology: Data-driven multimethodmethodology [DM2] 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Existing CR-informed methodologies 7.3. Data-driven multi-method methodology [DM2] 7.4. Summary 8 Putting DATUM to the test 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Evaluation of philosophical element 8.3. Evaluation of methodical element 8.4. Evaluation of DATUM 8.5 Summary 9 Reflections and future prospects 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Contributions of this book 9.3. Recommendations 9.4. Future work Index