James R. Bozeman is a professor of Mathematics at the American University of Malta. He is also a Global Roster of Experts member at the International Science Council (ISC).Christos H. Skiadas is the founder and former director of the Data Analysis and Forecasting Laboratory at the Technical University of Crete, Greece. He is a prominent researcher in demography and was awarded Honorary Doctor of Accounting and Finance at the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Greece.

• Introduction xiiiJames R. BOZEMAN and Christos H. SKIADASPart 1. Health and Demography 1Chapter 1. Standard and Fertility-adjusted Equitable Normal Pension Age 3Tomáš FIALA, Jitka LANGHAMROVÁ and Jana VRABCOVÁ1.1. Introduction 41.2. Methodology 61.3. Data source and calculations 81.4. Results 101.5. Conclusion 141.6. References 15Chapter 2. Number of Centenarians in Brazil and Selected Countries: Evaluation of the Quality of Census Counting 17Neir Antunes PAES, Rozane PEREIRA DE SOUSA and Vivian Conceição Alves Leite PEREIRA DO LAGO2.1. Introduction 172.2. Methodology 182.3. Results of Review 2 212.4. Conclusion 292.5. References 29Chapter 3. Optimal Semi-Markov Model Selection for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient Data 31Matthew FISCHER, Adam B. KASHLAK, Mathieu CHALIFOUR and Giseon HEO3.1. Introduction 313.2. Sleep apnea data overview 333.3. Bayes factors 343.4. Semi-Markov models for sleep states 373.5. Sleep data model comparison 383.6. Conclusion 403.7. References 40Chapter 4. An Efficient Determination Criterion-based Metric for Z-DNA Pattern Identification in the Epstein-Barr Virus Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 43James R. BOZEMAN, Jesús E. GARCÍA, V.A. GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ and D.S. SANTOS4.1. Introduction 444.2. Results 474.3. Discussion 514.4. References 52Contents viiChapter 5. Investigating the Mediating Role of Dis/Trust in Government to Deal with the Pandemic in the Relationship Between Covid-19 Cases, the Impact of the Pandemic on Employment and Social Trust: Evidence From the 2020 European Social Survey for Four European Countries 55Aggeliki YFANTI and Catherine MICHALOPOULOU5.1. Introduction 565.2. Method 585.3. Results 625.4. Conclusion 675.5. References 68Chapter 6. Joint Forecasting of Screening/Randomization Processes in Multicenter Clinical Trials and Predicting Optimal Enrollment Stopping Time 71Volodymyr ANISIMOV and Leo GORTZAK6.1. Introduction 726.2. Structure of screening stages 736.3. Predicting randomized patients from screening pool 746.4. Predicting the number of randomized patients 766.5. Randomization process from future arrivals 796.6. Parameter estimation 81viii Data Analysis in the AI Era6.7. Implementation in R tool 826.8. Future considerations 866.9. Acknowledgment 866.10. References 86Part 2. Applications 89Chapter 7. Bidding Strategies Approaches for the Greek Electricity Market 91Emmanuel KARAPIDAKIS, Marios NIKOLOGIANNIS and George MATALLIOTAKIS7.1. Introduction 917.2. Methodology 937.3. Stand-alone and hybrid BESS bidding strategies 977.4. Conclusion 1007.5. References 101Chapter 8. Long-Term Memory, Event-Driven Dynamics and Predictive Power: An Analysis of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Market Volatility in the United States and UK 103Christos FLOROS, George MATALLIOTAKIS and Fotis PAPATHEOFANOUS8.1. Introduction 1038.2. Background and theoretical foundations 1058.3. Methodology 1098.4. Empirical results 1138.5. Discussion 1228.6. Conclusion and future research 1258.7. References 1278.8. Appendix EPU US_Daily_Policy_Data 128Chapter 9. Spatial Dependence in Extreme Precipitation: An Extreme Value Analysis in R 145Dora PRATA GOMES and Maria Manuela NEVES9.1. Introduction 1459.2. Asymptotic models for spatial extremes 1469.3. An application using the R environment – rainfall data in the North of Portugal 1529.4. Final remarks 1589.5. Acknowledgments 1599.6. References 159Chapter 10. Time Series and Cluster Analysis of Groundwater Level in Slovakia 161Jana KALICKÁ, Dominika Sónak BALLOVÁ and Michalea ÈERVE�ANSKÁ10.1. Introduction 16110.2. Data specifications and methods. 16210.3. Analysis of trend and periodic components in groundwater levels 16310.4. The residuals component and ARMA modeling 16610.5. Probe cluster analysis and visualization 16810.6. Conclusion 17010.7. Acknowledgments 17110.8. References 171Chapter 11. Coupon Collector Problem with Partial and Total Resets 173Jelena JOCKOVIÆ and Bojana TODIÆ11.1. Introduction and motivation 17311.2. CCP with total resets 17411.3. CCP with partial resets 17611.4. Model comparison 18011.5. Numerical results 18211.6. Discussion 18511.7. Acknowledgments 18611.8. References 186Chapter 12. The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Brain Drain 187Aleksei N. KURBATSKII and Marina V. MIRONENKOVA12.1. Introduction 18712.2. Data and methodology 18912.3. Results 19312.4. Conclusion 19712.5. Acknowledgments 19812.6. References 198Contents xiPart 3. Statistical Techniques 201Chapter 13. A Unified Model for SPC and Maintenance in High Investigation Cost Processes with Multiple Quality Disruptions 203Konstantina TSIOTA and Konstantinos A. TASIAS13.1. Introduction 20313.2. Problem statement 20413.3. Mathematical model 20613.4. Cost structure analysis 20913.5. Optimization framework 21113.6. Numerical analysis 21213.7. Conclusion 21413.8. References 216Chapter 14. A Note on Spectral Risk Measures when Systemic Risk is Present 217Georgios C. ZACHOS14.1. Introduction and motivation 21714.2. Preliminaries 22114.3. Theoretical framework 22314.4. Contribution 22614.5. A suggested application 23014.6. Conclusion 23114.7. References 23214.8. Appendix A 23414.9. Appendix B 235Chapter 15. Mutual Information and Pearson's Correlation in Analysis of Statistical Tests Suites: A Case Study 237Elena ALMARAZ LUENGO15.1. Introduction 23715.2. ENT battery analysis 23915.3. Conclusion 24315.4. References 243Chapter 16. Binary Regression and Non-monotonic Link Functions 245Gloria GHENO16.1. Introduction 24616.2. Proposed method 24716.3. Methodology 25016.4. Comparison 25316.5. Conclusion 25816.6. References 259List of Authors 261Index 265

James R. Bozeman is a professor of Mathematics at the American University of Malta. He is also a Global Roster of Experts member at the International Science Council (ISC).Christos H. Skiadas is the founder and former director of the Data Analysis and Forecasting Laboratory at the Technical University of Crete, Greece. He is a prominent researcher in demography and was awarded Honorary Doctor of Accounting and Finance at the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Greece.

• Introduction xiiiJames R. BOZEMAN and Christos H. SKIADASPart 1. Health and Demography 1Chapter 1. Standard and Fertility-adjusted Equitable Normal Pension Age 3Tomáš FIALA, Jitka LANGHAMROVÁ and Jana VRABCOVÁ1.1. Introduction 41.2. Methodology 61.3. Data source and calculations 81.4. Results 101.5. Conclusion 141.6. References 15Chapter 2. Number of Centenarians in Brazil and Selected Countries: Evaluation of the Quality of Census Counting 17Neir Antunes PAES, Rozane PEREIRA DE SOUSA and Vivian Conceição Alves Leite PEREIRA DO LAGO2.1. Introduction 172.2. Methodology 182.3. Results of Review 2 212.4. Conclusion 292.5. References 29Chapter 3. Optimal Semi-Markov Model Selection for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient Data 31Matthew FISCHER, Adam B. KASHLAK, Mathieu CHALIFOUR and Giseon HEO3.1. Introduction 313.2. Sleep apnea data overview 333.3. Bayes factors 343.4. Semi-Markov models for sleep states 373.5. Sleep data model comparison 383.6. Conclusion 403.7. References 40Chapter 4. An Efficient Determination Criterion-based Metric for Z-DNA Pattern Identification in the Epstein-Barr Virus Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 43James R. BOZEMAN, Jesús E. GARCÍA, V.A. GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ and D.S. SANTOS4.1. Introduction 444.2. Results 474.3. Discussion 514.4. References 52Contents viiChapter 5. Investigating the Mediating Role of Dis/Trust in Government to Deal with the Pandemic in the Relationship Between Covid-19 Cases, the Impact of the Pandemic on Employment and Social Trust: Evidence From the 2020 European Social Survey for Four European Countries 55Aggeliki YFANTI and Catherine MICHALOPOULOU5.1. Introduction 565.2. Method 585.3. Results 625.4. Conclusion 675.5. References 68Chapter 6. Joint Forecasting of Screening/Randomization Processes in Multicenter Clinical Trials and Predicting Optimal Enrollment Stopping Time 71Volodymyr ANISIMOV and Leo GORTZAK6.1. Introduction 726.2. Structure of screening stages 736.3. Predicting randomized patients from screening pool 746.4. Predicting the number of randomized patients 766.5. Randomization process from future arrivals 796.6. Parameter estimation 81viii Data Analysis in the AI Era6.7. Implementation in R tool 826.8. Future considerations 866.9. Acknowledgment 866.10. References 86Part 2. Applications 89Chapter 7. Bidding Strategies Approaches for the Greek Electricity Market 91Emmanuel KARAPIDAKIS, Marios NIKOLOGIANNIS and George MATALLIOTAKIS7.1. Introduction 917.2. Methodology 937.3. Stand-alone and hybrid BESS bidding strategies 977.4. Conclusion 1007.5. References 101Chapter 8. Long-Term Memory, Event-Driven Dynamics and Predictive Power: An Analysis of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Market Volatility in the United States and UK 103Christos FLOROS, George MATALLIOTAKIS and Fotis PAPATHEOFANOUS8.1. Introduction 1038.2. Background and theoretical foundations 1058.3. Methodology 1098.4. Empirical results 1138.5. Discussion 1228.6. Conclusion and future research 1258.7. References 1278.8. Appendix EPU US_Daily_Policy_Data 128Chapter 9. Spatial Dependence in Extreme Precipitation: An Extreme Value Analysis in R 145Dora PRATA GOMES and Maria Manuela NEVES9.1. Introduction 1459.2. Asymptotic models for spatial extremes 1469.3. An application using the R environment – rainfall data in the North of Portugal 1529.4. Final remarks 1589.5. Acknowledgments 1599.6. References 159Chapter 10. Time Series and Cluster Analysis of Groundwater Level in Slovakia 161Jana KALICKÁ, Dominika Sónak BALLOVÁ and Michalea ÈERVE�ANSKÁ10.1. Introduction 16110.2. Data specifications and methods. 16210.3. Analysis of trend and periodic components in groundwater levels 16310.4. The residuals component and ARMA modeling 16610.5. Probe cluster analysis and visualization 16810.6. Conclusion 17010.7. Acknowledgments 17110.8. References 171Chapter 11. Coupon Collector Problem with Partial and Total Resets 173Jelena JOCKOVIÆ and Bojana TODIÆ11.1. Introduction and motivation 17311.2. CCP with total resets 17411.3. CCP with partial resets 17611.4. Model comparison 18011.5. Numerical results 18211.6. Discussion 18511.7. Acknowledgments 18611.8. References 186Chapter 12. The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Brain Drain 187Aleksei N. KURBATSKII and Marina V. MIRONENKOVA12.1. Introduction 18712.2. Data and methodology 18912.3. Results 19312.4. Conclusion 19712.5. Acknowledgments 19812.6. References 198Contents xiPart 3. Statistical Techniques 201Chapter 13. A Unified Model for SPC and Maintenance in High Investigation Cost Processes with Multiple Quality Disruptions 203Konstantina TSIOTA and Konstantinos A. TASIAS13.1. Introduction 20313.2. Problem statement 20413.3. Mathematical model 20613.4. Cost structure analysis 20913.5. Optimization framework 21113.6. Numerical analysis 21213.7. Conclusion 21413.8. References 216Chapter 14. A Note on Spectral Risk Measures when Systemic Risk is Present 217Georgios C. ZACHOS14.1. Introduction and motivation 21714.2. Preliminaries 22114.3. Theoretical framework 22314.4. Contribution 22614.5. A suggested application 23014.6. Conclusion 23114.7. References 23214.8. Appendix A 23414.9. Appendix B 235Chapter 15. Mutual Information and Pearson's Correlation in Analysis of Statistical Tests Suites: A Case Study 237Elena ALMARAZ LUENGO15.1. Introduction 23715.2. ENT battery analysis 23915.3. Conclusion 24315.4. References 243Chapter 16. Binary Regression and Non-monotonic Link Functions 245Gloria GHENO16.1. Introduction 24616.2. Proposed method 24716.3. Methodology 25016.4. Comparison 25316.5. Conclusion 25816.6. References 259List of Authors 261Index 265

James R. Bozeman is a professor of Mathematics at the American University of Malta. He is also a Global Roster of Experts member at the International Science Council (ISC).Christos H. Skiadas is the founder and former director of the Data Analysis and Forecasting Laboratory at the Technical University of Crete, Greece. He is a prominent researcher in demography and was awarded Honorary Doctor of Accounting and Finance at the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Greece.

• Introduction xiiiJames R. BOZEMAN and Christos H. SKIADASPart 1. Health and Demography 1Chapter 1. Standard and Fertility-adjusted Equitable Normal Pension Age 3Tomáš FIALA, Jitka LANGHAMROVÁ and Jana VRABCOVÁ1.1. Introduction 41.2. Methodology 61.3. Data source and calculations 81.4. Results 101.5. Conclusion 141.6. References 15Chapter 2. Number of Centenarians in Brazil and Selected Countries: Evaluation of the Quality of Census Counting 17Neir Antunes PAES, Rozane PEREIRA DE SOUSA and Vivian Conceição Alves Leite PEREIRA DO LAGO2.1. Introduction 172.2. Methodology 182.3. Results of Review 2 212.4. Conclusion 292.5. References 29Chapter 3. Optimal Semi-Markov Model Selection for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient Data 31Matthew FISCHER, Adam B. KASHLAK, Mathieu CHALIFOUR and Giseon HEO3.1. Introduction 313.2. Sleep apnea data overview 333.3. Bayes factors 343.4. Semi-Markov models for sleep states 373.5. Sleep data model comparison 383.6. Conclusion 403.7. References 40Chapter 4. An Efficient Determination Criterion-based Metric for Z-DNA Pattern Identification in the Epstein-Barr Virus Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 43James R. BOZEMAN, Jesús E. GARCÍA, V.A. GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ and D.S. SANTOS4.1. Introduction 444.2. Results 474.3. Discussion 514.4. References 52Contents viiChapter 5. Investigating the Mediating Role of Dis/Trust in Government to Deal with the Pandemic in the Relationship Between Covid-19 Cases, the Impact of the Pandemic on Employment and Social Trust: Evidence From the 2020 European Social Survey for Four European Countries 55Aggeliki YFANTI and Catherine MICHALOPOULOU5.1. Introduction 565.2. Method 585.3. Results 625.4. Conclusion 675.5. References 68Chapter 6. Joint Forecasting of Screening/Randomization Processes in Multicenter Clinical Trials and Predicting Optimal Enrollment Stopping Time 71Volodymyr ANISIMOV and Leo GORTZAK6.1. Introduction 726.2. Structure of screening stages 736.3. Predicting randomized patients from screening pool 746.4. Predicting the number of randomized patients 766.5. Randomization process from future arrivals 796.6. Parameter estimation 81viii Data Analysis in the AI Era6.7. Implementation in R tool 826.8. Future considerations 866.9. Acknowledgment 866.10. References 86Part 2. Applications 89Chapter 7. Bidding Strategies Approaches for the Greek Electricity Market 91Emmanuel KARAPIDAKIS, Marios NIKOLOGIANNIS and George MATALLIOTAKIS7.1. Introduction 917.2. Methodology 937.3. Stand-alone and hybrid BESS bidding strategies 977.4. Conclusion 1007.5. References 101Chapter 8. Long-Term Memory, Event-Driven Dynamics and Predictive Power: An Analysis of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Market Volatility in the United States and UK 103Christos FLOROS, George MATALLIOTAKIS and Fotis PAPATHEOFANOUS8.1. Introduction 1038.2. Background and theoretical foundations 1058.3. Methodology 1098.4. Empirical results 1138.5. Discussion 1228.6. Conclusion and future research 1258.7. References 1278.8. Appendix EPU US_Daily_Policy_Data 128Chapter 9. Spatial Dependence in Extreme Precipitation: An Extreme Value Analysis in R 145Dora PRATA GOMES and Maria Manuela NEVES9.1. Introduction 1459.2. Asymptotic models for spatial extremes 1469.3. An application using the R environment – rainfall data in the North of Portugal 1529.4. Final remarks 1589.5. Acknowledgments 1599.6. References 159Chapter 10. Time Series and Cluster Analysis of Groundwater Level in Slovakia 161Jana KALICKÁ, Dominika Sónak BALLOVÁ and Michalea ÈERVE�ANSKÁ10.1. Introduction 16110.2. Data specifications and methods. 16210.3. Analysis of trend and periodic components in groundwater levels 16310.4. The residuals component and ARMA modeling 16610.5. Probe cluster analysis and visualization 16810.6. Conclusion 17010.7. Acknowledgments 17110.8. References 171Chapter 11. Coupon Collector Problem with Partial and Total Resets 173Jelena JOCKOVIÆ and Bojana TODIÆ11.1. Introduction and motivation 17311.2. CCP with total resets 17411.3. CCP with partial resets 17611.4. Model comparison 18011.5. Numerical results 18211.6. Discussion 18511.7. Acknowledgments 18611.8. References 186Chapter 12. The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Brain Drain 187Aleksei N. KURBATSKII and Marina V. MIRONENKOVA12.1. Introduction 18712.2. Data and methodology 18912.3. Results 19312.4. Conclusion 19712.5. Acknowledgments 19812.6. References 198Contents xiPart 3. Statistical Techniques 201Chapter 13. A Unified Model for SPC and Maintenance in High Investigation Cost Processes with Multiple Quality Disruptions 203Konstantina TSIOTA and Konstantinos A. TASIAS13.1. Introduction 20313.2. Problem statement 20413.3. Mathematical model 20613.4. Cost structure analysis 20913.5. Optimization framework 21113.6. Numerical analysis 21213.7. Conclusion 21413.8. References 216Chapter 14. A Note on Spectral Risk Measures when Systemic Risk is Present 217Georgios C. ZACHOS14.1. Introduction and motivation 21714.2. Preliminaries 22114.3. Theoretical framework 22314.4. Contribution 22614.5. A suggested application 23014.6. Conclusion 23114.7. References 23214.8. Appendix A 23414.9. Appendix B 235Chapter 15. Mutual Information and Pearson's Correlation in Analysis of Statistical Tests Suites: A Case Study 237Elena ALMARAZ LUENGO15.1. Introduction 23715.2. ENT battery analysis 23915.3. Conclusion 24315.4. References 243Chapter 16. Binary Regression and Non-monotonic Link Functions 245Gloria GHENO16.1. Introduction 24616.2. Proposed method 24716.3. Methodology 25016.4. Comparison 25316.5. Conclusion 25816.6. References 259List of Authors 261Index 265