Wendy Schrama is Professor of Family Law and Comparative Law and Director of the Utrecht Centre for European Research into Family Law (UCERF) at Utrecht University. She serves as an editor of several family law journals and commentaries, and has published extensively on family law issues. She also is a part-time family law judge at a Dutch district court and has previously worked at the Dutch Ministry of Justice. Marilyn Freeman is co-Director of the International Centre for Family Law, Policy and Practice (ICFLPP) and Principal Research Fellow at Westminster Law School, University of Westminster, London, England, UK. Nicola Taylor is Professor at the Faculty of Law and Director of the Children' s Issues Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand; Holder of the Alexander McMillan Leading Thinker Chair in Childhood Studies. MARIELLE BRUNING is Full Professor of Child Law at Leiden Law School, the Netherlands and is the founder of the Leiden Child Law Department at Leiden University. She is the Program Director of the Dutch LLM in Child Law and teaches child protection in the LLM Advanced Studies in International Children's Rights program. Her research focuses on youth care, child protection, children in alternative care, violence against children, child participation in legal proceedings and children's rights. She is also an honorary deputy (juvenile) judge at the Amsterdam District Court.

• Introduction to the International Handbook (p. 1)Nicola Taylor, Marilyn Freeman, Marielle Bruning, Wendy SchramaPART I. CHILD PARTICIPATION: AN EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORKChild Participation in International and Regional Human Rights Instruments (p. 11)Child Participation in Family Law Proceedings: Pedagogical Insights on Why and How to Involve Children (p. 41)PART II. CHILD PARTICIPATION IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAWThe Hague Conventions and EU Instruments in Private International Law (p. 67)PART III. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVESAustralia (p. 87)Belgium (p. 103)Canada (p. 121)China (p. 133)Croatia (p. 143)Denmark (p. 157)England and Wales (p. 171)Germany (p. 185)Israel (p. 205)Italy (p. 219)The Netherlands (p. 231)New Zealand (p. 245)Norway (p. 259)Romania (p. 273)Scotland (p. 287)South Africa (p. 303)United States of America (p. 317)PART IV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSISChild Participation in Family Law Proceedings Compared (p. 333)Conclusion (p. 359)

Wendy Schrama is Professor of Family Law and Comparative Law and Director of the Utrecht Centre for European Research into Family Law (UCERF) at Utrecht University. She serves as an editor of several family law journals and commentaries, and has published extensively on family law issues. She also is a part-time family law judge at a Dutch district court and has previously worked at the Dutch Ministry of Justice. Marilyn Freeman is co-Director of the International Centre for Family Law, Policy and Practice (ICFLPP) and Principal Research Fellow at Westminster Law School, University of Westminster, London, England, UK. Nicola Taylor is Professor at the Faculty of Law and Director of the Children' s Issues Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand; Holder of the Alexander McMillan Leading Thinker Chair in Childhood Studies. MARIELLE BRUNING is Full Professor of Child Law at Leiden Law School, the Netherlands and is the founder of the Leiden Child Law Department at Leiden University. She is the Program Director of the Dutch LLM in Child Law and teaches child protection in the LLM Advanced Studies in International Children's Rights program. Her research focuses on youth care, child protection, children in alternative care, violence against children, child participation in legal proceedings and children's rights. She is also an honorary deputy (juvenile) judge at the Amsterdam District Court.

• Introduction to the International Handbook (p. 1)Nicola Taylor, Marilyn Freeman, Marielle Bruning, Wendy SchramaPART I. CHILD PARTICIPATION: AN EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORKChild Participation in International and Regional Human Rights Instruments (p. 11)Child Participation in Family Law Proceedings: Pedagogical Insights on Why and How to Involve Children (p. 41)PART II. CHILD PARTICIPATION IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAWThe Hague Conventions and EU Instruments in Private International Law (p. 67)PART III. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVESAustralia (p. 87)Belgium (p. 103)Canada (p. 121)China (p. 133)Croatia (p. 143)Denmark (p. 157)England and Wales (p. 171)Germany (p. 185)Israel (p. 205)Italy (p. 219)The Netherlands (p. 231)New Zealand (p. 245)Norway (p. 259)Romania (p. 273)Scotland (p. 287)South Africa (p. 303)United States of America (p. 317)PART IV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSISChild Participation in Family Law Proceedings Compared (p. 333)Conclusion (p. 359)

Wendy Schrama is Professor of Family Law and Comparative Law and Director of the Utrecht Centre for European Research into Family Law (UCERF) at Utrecht University. She serves as an editor of several family law journals and commentaries, and has published extensively on family law issues. She also is a part-time family law judge at a Dutch district court and has previously worked at the Dutch Ministry of Justice. Marilyn Freeman is co-Director of the International Centre for Family Law, Policy and Practice (ICFLPP) and Principal Research Fellow at Westminster Law School, University of Westminster, London, England, UK. Nicola Taylor is Professor at the Faculty of Law and Director of the Children' s Issues Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand; Holder of the Alexander McMillan Leading Thinker Chair in Childhood Studies. MARIELLE BRUNING is Full Professor of Child Law at Leiden Law School, the Netherlands and is the founder of the Leiden Child Law Department at Leiden University. She is the Program Director of the Dutch LLM in Child Law and teaches child protection in the LLM Advanced Studies in International Children's Rights program. Her research focuses on youth care, child protection, children in alternative care, violence against children, child participation in legal proceedings and children's rights. She is also an honorary deputy (juvenile) judge at the Amsterdam District Court.

• Introduction to the International Handbook (p. 1)Nicola Taylor, Marilyn Freeman, Marielle Bruning, Wendy SchramaPART I. CHILD PARTICIPATION: AN EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORKChild Participation in International and Regional Human Rights Instruments (p. 11)Child Participation in Family Law Proceedings: Pedagogical Insights on Why and How to Involve Children (p. 41)PART II. CHILD PARTICIPATION IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAWThe Hague Conventions and EU Instruments in Private International Law (p. 67)PART III. NATIONAL PERSPECTIVESAustralia (p. 87)Belgium (p. 103)Canada (p. 121)China (p. 133)Croatia (p. 143)Denmark (p. 157)England and Wales (p. 171)Germany (p. 185)Israel (p. 205)Italy (p. 219)The Netherlands (p. 231)New Zealand (p. 245)Norway (p. 259)Romania (p. 273)Scotland (p. 287)South Africa (p. 303)United States of America (p. 317)PART IV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSISChild Participation in Family Law Proceedings Compared (p. 333)Conclusion (p. 359)