Edited by the late David Smallbone, formerly Professor of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University, UK

‘This book brings together a comprehensive collection of both classic and recent articles covering a broad terrain of knowledge about the scope of small business and entrepreneurship policy and adeptly lays out some of the conflicting views and evidence about the effective role and impact of public policy to promote entrepreneurship and small business. This will contribute greatly to the debate on how, under what conditions, and in which economic contexts, policy measures of various kinds impact on the start-up and growth of new and small enterprises.’

• Contents:Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroductionDavid SmallbonePART IENTREPRENEURSHIP, PUBLIC POLICY AND RESEARCH 1. Brett Anitra Gilbert, David B. Audretsch and Patricia P. McDougall (2004), ‘The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy’2. Sander Wennekers and Roy Thurik (1999), ‘Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth’3. Zoltan J. Acs and Laszlo Szerb (2007), ‘Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Public Policy’4. Sanal Kumar Velayudhan (2004), ‘Market Justification for Policy on Small Enterprise Development’5. David Smallbone and Friederike Welter (2001), ‘The Role of Government in SME Development in Transition Economies’6. Allan A. Gibb (2000), ‘SME Policy, Academic Research and the Growth of Ignorance, Mythical Concepts, Myths, Assumptions, Rituals and Confusions’7. Lew Perren and Peter L. Jennings (2005), ‘Government Discourses on Entrepreneurship: Issues of Legitimization, Subjugation, and Power’PART IIINNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP8. David B. Audretsch (2004), ‘Sustaining Innovation and Growth: Public Policy Support for Entrepreneurship’9. Claire Nauwelaers and René Wintjes (2002), ‘Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies’10. Zoltan J. Acs, Randall Morck, J. Myles Shaver and Bernard Yeung (1997), ‘The Internationalisation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Policy Perspective’11. Vangelis Souitaris, Stefania Zerbinati and Andreas Al-Laham (2007), ‘Do Entrepreneurship Programmes Raise Entrepreneurial Intention of Science and Engineering Students? The Effect of Learning, Inspiration and Resources’PART IIITAXATION POLICY AND REGULATION 12. Donald Bruce and Mohammed Mohsin (2006), ’Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: New Time Series Evidence’13. William M. Gentry and R. Glenn Hubbard (2000), ‘Tax Policy and Entrepreneurial Entry’14. Panikkos Poutziouris, Francis Chittenden, Nicos Michaelas and Ray Oakey (2000), ‘Taxation and the Performance of Technology-based Small Firms in the UK’15. Leora Klapper, Luc Laeven and Raghuram Rajan (2006), ‘Entry Regulation as a Barrier to Entrepreneurship’16. Paul Edwards, Monder Ram and John Black (2004), ‘Why Does Employment Legislation Not Damage Small Firms?’17. John Kitching (2006), ‘A Burden on Business? Reviewing the Evidence Base on Regulation and Small-Business Performance’PART IV INTERVENTION IN THE MARKET FOR BUSINESS ADVICE18. Dan Hjalmarsson and Anders W. Johansson (2003), ‘Public Advisory Services – Theory and Practice’19. Robert J. Bennett and Paul J.A. Robson (2004), ‘The Role of Trust and Contract in the Supply of Business Advice’20. Robert J. Bennett, William A. Bratton and Paul J.A. Robson (2000), ‘Business Advice: The Influence of Distance’PART VREGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP21. Peter Johnson (2005), ‘Targeting Firm Births and Economic Regeneration in a Lagging Region’22. Michael Anyadike-Danes and Mark Hart (2006), ‘The Impact of Sector, Specialisation, and Space on Business Birth Rates in the United Kingdom: A Challenge for Policy?’23. Hector O. Rocha (2004), ‘Entrepreneurship and Development: The Role of Clusters’24. Frank McDonald, Dimitrios Tsagdis and Qihai Huang (2006), ‘The Development of Industrial Clusters and Public Policy’25. Martin Perry (2005), ‘Clustering Small Enterprise: Lessons from Policy Experience in New Zealand’26. Rachel Parker (2008), ‘Governance and the Entrepreneurial Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Regions’ Volume IIAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume IPART IAPPROACHES TO POLICY EVALUATION 1. David J. Storey (2002), ‘Methods of Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies to Support Small Businesses: The Six Steps to Heaven’2. Ivan Turok (1997), ‘Evaluating European Support for Business Development: Evidence from the Structural Funds in Scotland’3. Sarah C.E. Batterbury (2002), ‘Evaluating Policy Implementation: The European Union’s Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Policies in Galicia and Sardinia’4. Francis J. Greene, Kevin F. Mole and David J. Storey (2004), ‘Does More Mean Worse? Three Decades of Enterprise Policy in the Tees Valley’PART IIEVALUATING FINANCIAL SUPPORT 5. Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2005), ‘Evaluating Public Sector R&D Programs: The Advanced Technology Program’s Investment in Wavelength References for Optical Fiber Communications’6. Marten Berg, Asje van Dijk and Noé van Hulst (1990), ‘Evaluating a Dutch Scheme for Encouraging Research and Development’7. David B. Audretsch, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2002), ‘Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research’8. Josh Lerner (1999), ‘The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Programme’9. Douglas Cumming (2007), ‘Government Policy Towards Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovation Investment Funds’10. Josh Lerner (2002), ‘When Bureaucrats Meet Entrepreneurs: The Design of Effective “Public Venture Capital” Programmes’11. Mark Hart and Helena Lenihan (2006), ‘Estimating Additionality and Leverage: The Interplay between Public and Private Sector Equity Finance in Ireland (2000–2002)’12. Stephen Roper and Nola Hewitt-Dundas (2001), ‘Grant Assistance and Small Firm Development in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland’13. Allan L. Riding and George Haines Jr. (2001), ‘Loan Guarantees: Costs of Default and Benefits to Small Firms’14. Timothy Bates (1995), ‘Why Do Minority Development Business Programs Generate So Little Minority Business Development?’PART III EVALUATING ‘SOFT’ SUPPORT 15. Colin Wren and David J. Storey (2002), ‘Evaluating the Effect of Soft Business Support upon Small Firm Performance’16. Kevin Mole, Mark Hart, Stephen Roper and David Saal (2008), ‘Differential Gains from Business Link Support and Advice: A Treatment Effects Approach’17. James J. Chrisman and Frances Katrishen (1994), ‘The Economic Impact of Small Business Development Centre Counseling Activities in the United States, 1990–1991’18. James J. Chrisman (1999), ‘Strategic, Administrative, and Operating Assistance: The Value of Outside Consulting to Pre-Venture Entrepreneurs’19. Kevin Mole (2002), ‘Business Advisers’ Impact on SMEs: An Agency Theory Approach’20. Robert Bennett (2008), ‘SME Policy Support in Britain since the 1990s: What Have We Learnt?’21. Robert Huggins (2001), ‘Inter-Firm Network Policies and Firm Performance: Evaluating the Impact of Initiatives in the United Kingdom’22. F.J. Greene and D.J. Storey (2004), ‘An Assessment of a Venture Creation Programme: The Case of Shell LiveWIRE’23. David J. Storey (2004), ‘Exploring the Link, among Small Firms, between Management Training and Firm Performance: A Comparison between the UK and Other OECD Countries’24. Timothy Bates and Darrell Williams (1996), ‘Do Preferential Procurement Programs Benefit Minority Business?’Name Index

Edited by the late David Smallbone, formerly Professor of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University, UK

‘This book brings together a comprehensive collection of both classic and recent articles covering a broad terrain of knowledge about the scope of small business and entrepreneurship policy and adeptly lays out some of the conflicting views and evidence about the effective role and impact of public policy to promote entrepreneurship and small business. This will contribute greatly to the debate on how, under what conditions, and in which economic contexts, policy measures of various kinds impact on the start-up and growth of new and small enterprises.’

• Contents:Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroductionDavid SmallbonePART IENTREPRENEURSHIP, PUBLIC POLICY AND RESEARCH 1. Brett Anitra Gilbert, David B. Audretsch and Patricia P. McDougall (2004), ‘The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy’2. Sander Wennekers and Roy Thurik (1999), ‘Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth’3. Zoltan J. Acs and Laszlo Szerb (2007), ‘Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Public Policy’4. Sanal Kumar Velayudhan (2004), ‘Market Justification for Policy on Small Enterprise Development’5. David Smallbone and Friederike Welter (2001), ‘The Role of Government in SME Development in Transition Economies’6. Allan A. Gibb (2000), ‘SME Policy, Academic Research and the Growth of Ignorance, Mythical Concepts, Myths, Assumptions, Rituals and Confusions’7. Lew Perren and Peter L. Jennings (2005), ‘Government Discourses on Entrepreneurship: Issues of Legitimization, Subjugation, and Power’PART IIINNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP8. David B. Audretsch (2004), ‘Sustaining Innovation and Growth: Public Policy Support for Entrepreneurship’9. Claire Nauwelaers and René Wintjes (2002), ‘Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies’10. Zoltan J. Acs, Randall Morck, J. Myles Shaver and Bernard Yeung (1997), ‘The Internationalisation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Policy Perspective’11. Vangelis Souitaris, Stefania Zerbinati and Andreas Al-Laham (2007), ‘Do Entrepreneurship Programmes Raise Entrepreneurial Intention of Science and Engineering Students? The Effect of Learning, Inspiration and Resources’PART IIITAXATION POLICY AND REGULATION 12. Donald Bruce and Mohammed Mohsin (2006), ’Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: New Time Series Evidence’13. William M. Gentry and R. Glenn Hubbard (2000), ‘Tax Policy and Entrepreneurial Entry’14. Panikkos Poutziouris, Francis Chittenden, Nicos Michaelas and Ray Oakey (2000), ‘Taxation and the Performance of Technology-based Small Firms in the UK’15. Leora Klapper, Luc Laeven and Raghuram Rajan (2006), ‘Entry Regulation as a Barrier to Entrepreneurship’16. Paul Edwards, Monder Ram and John Black (2004), ‘Why Does Employment Legislation Not Damage Small Firms?’17. John Kitching (2006), ‘A Burden on Business? Reviewing the Evidence Base on Regulation and Small-Business Performance’PART IV INTERVENTION IN THE MARKET FOR BUSINESS ADVICE18. Dan Hjalmarsson and Anders W. Johansson (2003), ‘Public Advisory Services – Theory and Practice’19. Robert J. Bennett and Paul J.A. Robson (2004), ‘The Role of Trust and Contract in the Supply of Business Advice’20. Robert J. Bennett, William A. Bratton and Paul J.A. Robson (2000), ‘Business Advice: The Influence of Distance’PART VREGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP21. Peter Johnson (2005), ‘Targeting Firm Births and Economic Regeneration in a Lagging Region’22. Michael Anyadike-Danes and Mark Hart (2006), ‘The Impact of Sector, Specialisation, and Space on Business Birth Rates in the United Kingdom: A Challenge for Policy?’23. Hector O. Rocha (2004), ‘Entrepreneurship and Development: The Role of Clusters’24. Frank McDonald, Dimitrios Tsagdis and Qihai Huang (2006), ‘The Development of Industrial Clusters and Public Policy’25. Martin Perry (2005), ‘Clustering Small Enterprise: Lessons from Policy Experience in New Zealand’26. Rachel Parker (2008), ‘Governance and the Entrepreneurial Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Regions’ Volume IIAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume IPART IAPPROACHES TO POLICY EVALUATION 1. David J. Storey (2002), ‘Methods of Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies to Support Small Businesses: The Six Steps to Heaven’2. Ivan Turok (1997), ‘Evaluating European Support for Business Development: Evidence from the Structural Funds in Scotland’3. Sarah C.E. Batterbury (2002), ‘Evaluating Policy Implementation: The European Union’s Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Policies in Galicia and Sardinia’4. Francis J. Greene, Kevin F. Mole and David J. Storey (2004), ‘Does More Mean Worse? Three Decades of Enterprise Policy in the Tees Valley’PART IIEVALUATING FINANCIAL SUPPORT 5. Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2005), ‘Evaluating Public Sector R&D Programs: The Advanced Technology Program’s Investment in Wavelength References for Optical Fiber Communications’6. Marten Berg, Asje van Dijk and Noé van Hulst (1990), ‘Evaluating a Dutch Scheme for Encouraging Research and Development’7. David B. Audretsch, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2002), ‘Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research’8. Josh Lerner (1999), ‘The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Programme’9. Douglas Cumming (2007), ‘Government Policy Towards Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovation Investment Funds’10. Josh Lerner (2002), ‘When Bureaucrats Meet Entrepreneurs: The Design of Effective “Public Venture Capital” Programmes’11. Mark Hart and Helena Lenihan (2006), ‘Estimating Additionality and Leverage: The Interplay between Public and Private Sector Equity Finance in Ireland (2000–2002)’12. Stephen Roper and Nola Hewitt-Dundas (2001), ‘Grant Assistance and Small Firm Development in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland’13. Allan L. Riding and George Haines Jr. (2001), ‘Loan Guarantees: Costs of Default and Benefits to Small Firms’14. Timothy Bates (1995), ‘Why Do Minority Development Business Programs Generate So Little Minority Business Development?’PART III EVALUATING ‘SOFT’ SUPPORT 15. Colin Wren and David J. Storey (2002), ‘Evaluating the Effect of Soft Business Support upon Small Firm Performance’16. Kevin Mole, Mark Hart, Stephen Roper and David Saal (2008), ‘Differential Gains from Business Link Support and Advice: A Treatment Effects Approach’17. James J. Chrisman and Frances Katrishen (1994), ‘The Economic Impact of Small Business Development Centre Counseling Activities in the United States, 1990–1991’18. James J. Chrisman (1999), ‘Strategic, Administrative, and Operating Assistance: The Value of Outside Consulting to Pre-Venture Entrepreneurs’19. Kevin Mole (2002), ‘Business Advisers’ Impact on SMEs: An Agency Theory Approach’20. Robert Bennett (2008), ‘SME Policy Support in Britain since the 1990s: What Have We Learnt?’21. Robert Huggins (2001), ‘Inter-Firm Network Policies and Firm Performance: Evaluating the Impact of Initiatives in the United Kingdom’22. F.J. Greene and D.J. Storey (2004), ‘An Assessment of a Venture Creation Programme: The Case of Shell LiveWIRE’23. David J. Storey (2004), ‘Exploring the Link, among Small Firms, between Management Training and Firm Performance: A Comparison between the UK and Other OECD Countries’24. Timothy Bates and Darrell Williams (1996), ‘Do Preferential Procurement Programs Benefit Minority Business?’Name Index

Edited by the late David Smallbone, formerly Professor of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University, UK

‘This book brings together a comprehensive collection of both classic and recent articles covering a broad terrain of knowledge about the scope of small business and entrepreneurship policy and adeptly lays out some of the conflicting views and evidence about the effective role and impact of public policy to promote entrepreneurship and small business. This will contribute greatly to the debate on how, under what conditions, and in which economic contexts, policy measures of various kinds impact on the start-up and growth of new and small enterprises.’

• Contents:Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroductionDavid SmallbonePART IENTREPRENEURSHIP, PUBLIC POLICY AND RESEARCH 1. Brett Anitra Gilbert, David B. Audretsch and Patricia P. McDougall (2004), ‘The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy’2. Sander Wennekers and Roy Thurik (1999), ‘Linking Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth’3. Zoltan J. Acs and Laszlo Szerb (2007), ‘Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Public Policy’4. Sanal Kumar Velayudhan (2004), ‘Market Justification for Policy on Small Enterprise Development’5. David Smallbone and Friederike Welter (2001), ‘The Role of Government in SME Development in Transition Economies’6. Allan A. Gibb (2000), ‘SME Policy, Academic Research and the Growth of Ignorance, Mythical Concepts, Myths, Assumptions, Rituals and Confusions’7. Lew Perren and Peter L. Jennings (2005), ‘Government Discourses on Entrepreneurship: Issues of Legitimization, Subjugation, and Power’PART IIINNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP8. David B. Audretsch (2004), ‘Sustaining Innovation and Growth: Public Policy Support for Entrepreneurship’9. Claire Nauwelaers and René Wintjes (2002), ‘Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies’10. Zoltan J. Acs, Randall Morck, J. Myles Shaver and Bernard Yeung (1997), ‘The Internationalisation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Policy Perspective’11. Vangelis Souitaris, Stefania Zerbinati and Andreas Al-Laham (2007), ‘Do Entrepreneurship Programmes Raise Entrepreneurial Intention of Science and Engineering Students? The Effect of Learning, Inspiration and Resources’PART IIITAXATION POLICY AND REGULATION 12. Donald Bruce and Mohammed Mohsin (2006), ’Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship: New Time Series Evidence’13. William M. Gentry and R. Glenn Hubbard (2000), ‘Tax Policy and Entrepreneurial Entry’14. Panikkos Poutziouris, Francis Chittenden, Nicos Michaelas and Ray Oakey (2000), ‘Taxation and the Performance of Technology-based Small Firms in the UK’15. Leora Klapper, Luc Laeven and Raghuram Rajan (2006), ‘Entry Regulation as a Barrier to Entrepreneurship’16. Paul Edwards, Monder Ram and John Black (2004), ‘Why Does Employment Legislation Not Damage Small Firms?’17. John Kitching (2006), ‘A Burden on Business? Reviewing the Evidence Base on Regulation and Small-Business Performance’PART IV INTERVENTION IN THE MARKET FOR BUSINESS ADVICE18. Dan Hjalmarsson and Anders W. Johansson (2003), ‘Public Advisory Services – Theory and Practice’19. Robert J. Bennett and Paul J.A. Robson (2004), ‘The Role of Trust and Contract in the Supply of Business Advice’20. Robert J. Bennett, William A. Bratton and Paul J.A. Robson (2000), ‘Business Advice: The Influence of Distance’PART VREGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP21. Peter Johnson (2005), ‘Targeting Firm Births and Economic Regeneration in a Lagging Region’22. Michael Anyadike-Danes and Mark Hart (2006), ‘The Impact of Sector, Specialisation, and Space on Business Birth Rates in the United Kingdom: A Challenge for Policy?’23. Hector O. Rocha (2004), ‘Entrepreneurship and Development: The Role of Clusters’24. Frank McDonald, Dimitrios Tsagdis and Qihai Huang (2006), ‘The Development of Industrial Clusters and Public Policy’25. Martin Perry (2005), ‘Clustering Small Enterprise: Lessons from Policy Experience in New Zealand’26. Rachel Parker (2008), ‘Governance and the Entrepreneurial Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Regions’ Volume IIAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume IPART IAPPROACHES TO POLICY EVALUATION 1. David J. Storey (2002), ‘Methods of Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies to Support Small Businesses: The Six Steps to Heaven’2. Ivan Turok (1997), ‘Evaluating European Support for Business Development: Evidence from the Structural Funds in Scotland’3. Sarah C.E. Batterbury (2002), ‘Evaluating Policy Implementation: The European Union’s Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Policies in Galicia and Sardinia’4. Francis J. Greene, Kevin F. Mole and David J. Storey (2004), ‘Does More Mean Worse? Three Decades of Enterprise Policy in the Tees Valley’PART IIEVALUATING FINANCIAL SUPPORT 5. Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2005), ‘Evaluating Public Sector R&D Programs: The Advanced Technology Program’s Investment in Wavelength References for Optical Fiber Communications’6. Marten Berg, Asje van Dijk and Noé van Hulst (1990), ‘Evaluating a Dutch Scheme for Encouraging Research and Development’7. David B. Audretsch, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2002), ‘Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research’8. Josh Lerner (1999), ‘The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Programme’9. Douglas Cumming (2007), ‘Government Policy Towards Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovation Investment Funds’10. Josh Lerner (2002), ‘When Bureaucrats Meet Entrepreneurs: The Design of Effective “Public Venture Capital” Programmes’11. Mark Hart and Helena Lenihan (2006), ‘Estimating Additionality and Leverage: The Interplay between Public and Private Sector Equity Finance in Ireland (2000–2002)’12. Stephen Roper and Nola Hewitt-Dundas (2001), ‘Grant Assistance and Small Firm Development in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland’13. Allan L. Riding and George Haines Jr. (2001), ‘Loan Guarantees: Costs of Default and Benefits to Small Firms’14. Timothy Bates (1995), ‘Why Do Minority Development Business Programs Generate So Little Minority Business Development?’PART III EVALUATING ‘SOFT’ SUPPORT 15. Colin Wren and David J. Storey (2002), ‘Evaluating the Effect of Soft Business Support upon Small Firm Performance’16. Kevin Mole, Mark Hart, Stephen Roper and David Saal (2008), ‘Differential Gains from Business Link Support and Advice: A Treatment Effects Approach’17. James J. Chrisman and Frances Katrishen (1994), ‘The Economic Impact of Small Business Development Centre Counseling Activities in the United States, 1990–1991’18. James J. Chrisman (1999), ‘Strategic, Administrative, and Operating Assistance: The Value of Outside Consulting to Pre-Venture Entrepreneurs’19. Kevin Mole (2002), ‘Business Advisers’ Impact on SMEs: An Agency Theory Approach’20. Robert Bennett (2008), ‘SME Policy Support in Britain since the 1990s: What Have We Learnt?’21. Robert Huggins (2001), ‘Inter-Firm Network Policies and Firm Performance: Evaluating the Impact of Initiatives in the United Kingdom’22. F.J. Greene and D.J. Storey (2004), ‘An Assessment of a Venture Creation Programme: The Case of Shell LiveWIRE’23. David J. Storey (2004), ‘Exploring the Link, among Small Firms, between Management Training and Firm Performance: A Comparison between the UK and Other OECD Countries’24. Timothy Bates and Darrell Williams (1996), ‘Do Preferential Procurement Programs Benefit Minority Business?’Name Index