Edited by Howard R. Vane, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, UK and Chris Mulhearn, formerly Reader in Economics, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

‘What a brilliant idea! To provide readers with both information on the Nobel Laureates in Economics and, to the degree possible, the original papers for which they were honored. The names of the “contributing” Laureates speak for themselves. Howard Vane and Chris Mulhearn, the editors, and Edward Elgar, the publisher, are to be congratulated for putting the idea into effect.’

• Contents:AcknowledgementsGeneral Introduction Howard R. Vane and Chris Mulhearn PART I GUNNAR MYRDAL Introduction to Part I: Gunnar Myrdal (1898–1987) 1. Gunnar Myrdal (1939), ‘The Concept of Monetary Equilibrium’2. Gunnar Myrdal (1944a), ‘Facets of the Negro Problem’3. Gunnar Myrdal (1944b), ‘The Mechanics of Economic Discrimination as a Practical Problem’ 4. Gunnar Myrdal (1953), ‘Politics and Political Economy’ 5. Gunnar Myrdal (1968), ‘The Mechanism of Underdevelopment and Development and a Sketch of an Elementary Theory of Planning for Development’ PART II FRIEDRICH A. VON HAYEK Introduction to Part II : Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899–1992) 6. Friedrich A. Hayek (1933), ‘The Fundamental Cause of Cyclical Fluctuations’7. F.A. von Hayek (1935), ‘The Maintenance of Capital’8. F.A. von Hayek (1937), ‘Economics and Knowledge’9. Friedrich A. Hayek (1939), Freedom and the Economic System 10. F.A. Hayek (1945), ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society’11. F.A. Hayek (1960), ‘Introduction’ and ‘The Safeguards of Individual Liberty’ PART III ROBERT W. FOGEL Introduction to Part III: Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926) 12. Robert W. Fogel (1964), ‘Summary and Interpretation’13. Robert William Fogel (1989), ‘Unraveling Some Economic Riddles’14. R.W. Fogel (1992), ‘Second Thoughts on the European Escape from Hunger: Famines, Chronic Malnutrition, and Mortality Rates’15. Robert W. Fogel (1994), ‘Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-Term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy’16. Robert W. Fogel and Dora L. Costa (1997), ‘A Theory of Technophysio Evolution, with Some Implications for Forecasting Population, Health Care Costs, and Pension Costs’17. Robert William Fogel (2004), ‘Why the Twentieth Century Was So Remarkable’PART IV DOUGLASS C. NORTH Introduction to Part IV: Douglass C. North (b. 1920) 18. Douglass C. North (1961), ‘The Analytical Framework’19. Douglass C. North (1968), ‘Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600–1850’ 20. Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1989), ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’21. Douglass C. North (1990), ‘Institutions, Economic Theory, and Economic Performance’ 22. Douglass C. North (1991), ‘Institutions’23. Douglass C. North (1994), ‘Economic Performance Through Time’ PART V AMARTYA K. SEN Introduction to Part V: Amartya K. Sen (b. 1933) 24. Amartya Sen (1970), ‘The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal’25. Amartya Sen (1976), ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement’26. Amartya Sen (1977a), ‘Starvation and Exchange Entitlements: A General Approach and its Application to the Great Bengal Famine’27. Amartya K. Sen (1977b), ‘Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory’28. Amartya Sen (1979), ‘Personal Utilities and Public Judgements: Or What’s Wrong With Welfare Economics?’29. Amartya Sen (1998), ‘Mortality as an Indicator of Economic Success and Failure’

Edited by Howard R. Vane, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, UK and Chris Mulhearn, formerly Reader in Economics, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

‘What a brilliant idea! To provide readers with both information on the Nobel Laureates in Economics and, to the degree possible, the original papers for which they were honored. The names of the “contributing” Laureates speak for themselves. Howard Vane and Chris Mulhearn, the editors, and Edward Elgar, the publisher, are to be congratulated for putting the idea into effect.’

• Contents:AcknowledgementsGeneral Introduction Howard R. Vane and Chris Mulhearn PART I GUNNAR MYRDAL Introduction to Part I: Gunnar Myrdal (1898–1987) 1. Gunnar Myrdal (1939), ‘The Concept of Monetary Equilibrium’2. Gunnar Myrdal (1944a), ‘Facets of the Negro Problem’3. Gunnar Myrdal (1944b), ‘The Mechanics of Economic Discrimination as a Practical Problem’ 4. Gunnar Myrdal (1953), ‘Politics and Political Economy’ 5. Gunnar Myrdal (1968), ‘The Mechanism of Underdevelopment and Development and a Sketch of an Elementary Theory of Planning for Development’ PART II FRIEDRICH A. VON HAYEK Introduction to Part II : Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899–1992) 6. Friedrich A. Hayek (1933), ‘The Fundamental Cause of Cyclical Fluctuations’7. F.A. von Hayek (1935), ‘The Maintenance of Capital’8. F.A. von Hayek (1937), ‘Economics and Knowledge’9. Friedrich A. Hayek (1939), Freedom and the Economic System 10. F.A. Hayek (1945), ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society’11. F.A. Hayek (1960), ‘Introduction’ and ‘The Safeguards of Individual Liberty’ PART III ROBERT W. FOGEL Introduction to Part III: Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926) 12. Robert W. Fogel (1964), ‘Summary and Interpretation’13. Robert William Fogel (1989), ‘Unraveling Some Economic Riddles’14. R.W. Fogel (1992), ‘Second Thoughts on the European Escape from Hunger: Famines, Chronic Malnutrition, and Mortality Rates’15. Robert W. Fogel (1994), ‘Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-Term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy’16. Robert W. Fogel and Dora L. Costa (1997), ‘A Theory of Technophysio Evolution, with Some Implications for Forecasting Population, Health Care Costs, and Pension Costs’17. Robert William Fogel (2004), ‘Why the Twentieth Century Was So Remarkable’PART IV DOUGLASS C. NORTH Introduction to Part IV: Douglass C. North (b. 1920) 18. Douglass C. North (1961), ‘The Analytical Framework’19. Douglass C. North (1968), ‘Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600–1850’ 20. Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1989), ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’21. Douglass C. North (1990), ‘Institutions, Economic Theory, and Economic Performance’ 22. Douglass C. North (1991), ‘Institutions’23. Douglass C. North (1994), ‘Economic Performance Through Time’ PART V AMARTYA K. SEN Introduction to Part V: Amartya K. Sen (b. 1933) 24. Amartya Sen (1970), ‘The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal’25. Amartya Sen (1976), ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement’26. Amartya Sen (1977a), ‘Starvation and Exchange Entitlements: A General Approach and its Application to the Great Bengal Famine’27. Amartya K. Sen (1977b), ‘Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory’28. Amartya Sen (1979), ‘Personal Utilities and Public Judgements: Or What’s Wrong With Welfare Economics?’29. Amartya Sen (1998), ‘Mortality as an Indicator of Economic Success and Failure’

Edited by Howard R. Vane, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, UK and Chris Mulhearn, formerly Reader in Economics, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, UK

‘What a brilliant idea! To provide readers with both information on the Nobel Laureates in Economics and, to the degree possible, the original papers for which they were honored. The names of the “contributing” Laureates speak for themselves. Howard Vane and Chris Mulhearn, the editors, and Edward Elgar, the publisher, are to be congratulated for putting the idea into effect.’

• Contents:AcknowledgementsGeneral Introduction Howard R. Vane and Chris Mulhearn PART I GUNNAR MYRDAL Introduction to Part I: Gunnar Myrdal (1898–1987) 1. Gunnar Myrdal (1939), ‘The Concept of Monetary Equilibrium’2. Gunnar Myrdal (1944a), ‘Facets of the Negro Problem’3. Gunnar Myrdal (1944b), ‘The Mechanics of Economic Discrimination as a Practical Problem’ 4. Gunnar Myrdal (1953), ‘Politics and Political Economy’ 5. Gunnar Myrdal (1968), ‘The Mechanism of Underdevelopment and Development and a Sketch of an Elementary Theory of Planning for Development’ PART II FRIEDRICH A. VON HAYEK Introduction to Part II : Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899–1992) 6. Friedrich A. Hayek (1933), ‘The Fundamental Cause of Cyclical Fluctuations’7. F.A. von Hayek (1935), ‘The Maintenance of Capital’8. F.A. von Hayek (1937), ‘Economics and Knowledge’9. Friedrich A. Hayek (1939), Freedom and the Economic System 10. F.A. Hayek (1945), ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society’11. F.A. Hayek (1960), ‘Introduction’ and ‘The Safeguards of Individual Liberty’ PART III ROBERT W. FOGEL Introduction to Part III: Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926) 12. Robert W. Fogel (1964), ‘Summary and Interpretation’13. Robert William Fogel (1989), ‘Unraveling Some Economic Riddles’14. R.W. Fogel (1992), ‘Second Thoughts on the European Escape from Hunger: Famines, Chronic Malnutrition, and Mortality Rates’15. Robert W. Fogel (1994), ‘Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-Term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy’16. Robert W. Fogel and Dora L. Costa (1997), ‘A Theory of Technophysio Evolution, with Some Implications for Forecasting Population, Health Care Costs, and Pension Costs’17. Robert William Fogel (2004), ‘Why the Twentieth Century Was So Remarkable’PART IV DOUGLASS C. NORTH Introduction to Part IV: Douglass C. North (b. 1920) 18. Douglass C. North (1961), ‘The Analytical Framework’19. Douglass C. North (1968), ‘Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600–1850’ 20. Douglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast (1989), ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’21. Douglass C. North (1990), ‘Institutions, Economic Theory, and Economic Performance’ 22. Douglass C. North (1991), ‘Institutions’23. Douglass C. North (1994), ‘Economic Performance Through Time’ PART V AMARTYA K. SEN Introduction to Part V: Amartya K. Sen (b. 1933) 24. Amartya Sen (1970), ‘The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal’25. Amartya Sen (1976), ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement’26. Amartya Sen (1977a), ‘Starvation and Exchange Entitlements: A General Approach and its Application to the Great Bengal Famine’27. Amartya K. Sen (1977b), ‘Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory’28. Amartya Sen (1979), ‘Personal Utilities and Public Judgements: Or What’s Wrong With Welfare Economics?’29. Amartya Sen (1998), ‘Mortality as an Indicator of Economic Success and Failure’