Ashraf Ali Thanawi

Muhammad Qasim Zaman is Professor of Near Eastern Studies and Religion, Princeton University. He is the author of Schooling Islam: Modern Muslim Education.

• AcknowledgmentsA Note on Transliteration, Abbreviations, and Other Conventions INTRODUCTIONContestation in the religious sphereContrasting trajectories 1 LIFEThe intellectual milieu of DeobandA madrasa careerA spiritual crisis?At the Sufi lodgeThe Khanaqah’s scholarsOverlapping communities 2 MUSLIM NATIONHOODIndian politics in the early twentieth centuryThanawi and the Khilafat MovementMuslim separatism in IndiaThe prophet and the king 3 COLONIAL LAWApostasy in British IndiaThe Consummate StratagemThe fight against customConflicting authorities 4 SUFISM IN A TIME OF CHANGEThe Sufi and the juristThe rhetoric of reconciliationAmbiguity and flexibilityTraining the wayfarerA shared language 5 THE AMBIGUITIES OF A LEGACYSufismLawPoliticsThanawi and the Deobandi scholarly tradition Bibliography Index