Edited by the late Edwin Mansfield, formerly Director of the Center for Economics and Technology and Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, US and Elizabeth Mansfield, Teaching Fellow in Counseling Psychology, Northwestern University, US

• CONTENTSPART 1TECHNICAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH1. Robert M. Solow (1957), ‘Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function’2. Paul M. Romer (1990), ‘Endogenous Technological Change’3. Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Helpman (1990), ‘Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth’PART 2SOCIAL AND PRIVATE RETURNS FROM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT4. Zvi Griliches (1958), ‘Research Costs and Social Returns: Hybrid Corn and Related Innovations’5. Edwin Mansfield, John Rapoport, Anthony Romeo, Samuel Wagner and George Beardsley (1977), ‘Social and Private Rates of Return from Industrial Innovations’6. Jeffrey I.Bernstein and M Ishaq Nadiri (1988), ‘Interindustry R&D Spillovers, Rates of Return and Production in High-Tech Industries’7. Richard R. Nelson (1959), ‘The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research’8. Zvi Griliches (1986), ‘Productivity, R&D, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s’PART 3MARKET STRUCTURE AND TECHNICAL CHANGE9. Partha Dasgupta and Joseph Stiglitz (1980), ‘Industrial Structure and the Nature of Innovative Activity’10. P. A. Geroski (1990), ‘Innovation, Technological Opportunity, and Market Structure’11. F. M. Schere (1992), ‘Schumpeter and Plausible Capitalism’PART 4INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS12. Suzanne Scotchmer (1991), ‘Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law’13. Janusz A. Ordover (1991), ‘A Patent System for Both Diffusion and Exclusion’14. Edwin Mansfield, Mark Schwartz and Samuel Wagner (1981), ‘Imitation Costs and Patents: An Empirical Study’15. Richard C. Levin, Alvin K. Klevorick, Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter (1987), ‘Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development’PART 5THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS16. Edwin Mansfield (1961), ‘Technical Change and the Rate of Imitation’17. Paul A. David (1985), ‘Clio and the Economics of QWERTY’18. Michael L.Katz and Carl Shapiro (1986), ‘Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities’19. Jennifer F. Reinganum (1981), ‘On the Diffusion of New Technology: A Game-Theoretic Approach’PART 6INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER20. Raymond Vernon (1966), ‘International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle’21. Nathan Rosenberg (1970), ‘Economic Development and the Transfer of Technology: Some Historical Perspectives’22. D. J. Teece (1977), ‘Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-How’PART 7THE MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY23. Kenneth J. Arrow (1962), ‘The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing’24. Richard R. Nelson (1961), ‘Uncertainty, Learning, and the Economics of Parallel Research and Development Efforts’25. Wesley M.Cohen and Daniel A .Levinthal (1989), ‘Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R&D’