Muscle Testing

Earle Abrahamson (Author)Earle Abrahamson holds qualifications in human movement sciences, clinical psychology and pedagogy. He is professor in the scholarship of teaching and learning, a National Teaching and Principal fellow of Advance HE and teaching and learning specialist at the University of Hertfordshire (UK). Additionally, he is chair of the GCMT and a registrant board member of the CNHC. He has over 25 years experience in education and clinical practice and leads programmes and curriculum development in clinical anatomy and sports therapy.Jane Langston (Author) Jane Langston worked for over 20 years in haematology and blood transfusion laboratories within the National Health Service and is Fellow of the Institute of Biomedical Science. She went on to develop her skills as an Amatsu practitioner in a busy clinic in Hertfordshire for another 20 years. Jane is a teacher of Amatsu Soft Tissue Therapy and of anatomy and physiology and is a director of Amatsu Training School Ltd and Learn Anatomy Ltd.

• Section ONE INTRODUCTIONIntroduction and principles of muscle testingOverview of musculoskeletal anatomy, testing, and palpationBiotensegrity and fascia – the connective tissue systemHow to use this book Section TWO MUSCLE TESTS BY REGIONHead and neckSternocleidomastoidScalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior)Splenius capitisLevator scapulae  Trapezius (upper fibers)Shoulder and elbow  Trapezius (middle fibers)Trapezius (lower fibers)SupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres minorSubscapularis  Teres major  Deltoid (anterior fibers)Deltoid (middle fibers)  Deltoid (posterior fibers)CoracobrachialisBiceps brachii  Triceps brachii  Forearm and wrist  Brachioradialis  SupinatorPronator teresPronator quadratusOpponens pollicisOpponens digiti minimiTorso and trunkPectoralis major (clavicular and sternal portions)Pectoralis minorRectus abdominisTransverse abdominisQuadratus lumborumErector spinae group (sacrospinalis)Latissimus dorsiSerratus (anterior)Rhomboid group (major and minor)PelvisPsoas major and minorIliacusPiriformisGluteus maximusGluteus mediusTensor fasciae lataeThigh and kneeQuadriceps femoris groupRectus femorisVastus medialisVastus lateralisVastus intermediusHamstring groupBiceps femorisMedial hamstrings (semitendinosus and semimembranosus)Adductor magnusAdductor longus and brevisGracilisPopliteusSartoriusLower leg, ankle, and footGastrocnemiusSoleusTibialis anteriorTibialis posteriorFibularis group (peroneus)Extensor hallucis longusFlexor hallucis longusExtensor digitorum longusExtensor digitorum brevis Section THREE GAIT TESTING Introduction to gait testingContralateral shoulder and hip flexor gait testContralateral shoulder and hip extensor gait testContralateral shoulder and hip abductor gait testContralateral shoulder and hip adductor gait testContralateral psoas and pectoralis major gait testContralateral gluteus medius and abdominals gait test