Ramanan Laxminarayan is a senior fellow at Resources for the Future in Washington, DC. His research includes the integration of epidemiological models of infectious disease transmission and the economic analysis of public health problems. He has worked with the World Health Organization on evaluating malaria treatment policy in Africa, and recently served on a National Academy of Science/Institute of Medicine Committee on the Economics of Anti-malarial Drugs. He teaches international health policy in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and development economics at the Johns Hopkins University‘s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.Anup Malani is a Professor of Law at the University of Chicago. David Howard is an associate professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University.David L. Smith is a mathematical epidemiologist at the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health.

• Foreword Executive Summary Introduction 1. Antibiotic resistance: The unfolding crisis 2. The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance: Policy levers 3. Patient and physician demand for antibiotics 4. The role of health care facilities 5. The role of the federal government 6. The role of health insurance 7. Supply-side strategies for tackling resistance 8. Next steps Acronyms and Abbreviations Biographies Consultation Participants

Ramanan Laxminarayan is a senior fellow at Resources for the Future in Washington, DC. His research includes the integration of epidemiological models of infectious disease transmission and the economic analysis of public health problems. He has worked with the World Health Organization on evaluating malaria treatment policy in Africa, and recently served on a National Academy of Science/Institute of Medicine Committee on the Economics of Anti-malarial Drugs. He teaches international health policy in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and development economics at the Johns Hopkins University‘s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.Anup Malani is a Professor of Law at the University of Chicago. David Howard is an associate professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University.David L. Smith is a mathematical epidemiologist at the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health.

• Foreword Executive Summary Introduction 1. Antibiotic resistance: The unfolding crisis 2. The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance: Policy levers 3. Patient and physician demand for antibiotics 4. The role of health care facilities 5. The role of the federal government 6. The role of health insurance 7. Supply-side strategies for tackling resistance 8. Next steps Acronyms and Abbreviations Biographies Consultation Participants

Ramanan Laxminarayan is a senior fellow at Resources for the Future in Washington, DC. His research includes the integration of epidemiological models of infectious disease transmission and the economic analysis of public health problems. He has worked with the World Health Organization on evaluating malaria treatment policy in Africa, and recently served on a National Academy of Science/Institute of Medicine Committee on the Economics of Anti-malarial Drugs. He teaches international health policy in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and development economics at the Johns Hopkins University‘s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.Anup Malani is a Professor of Law at the University of Chicago. David Howard is an associate professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University.David L. Smith is a mathematical epidemiologist at the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health.

• Foreword Executive Summary Introduction 1. Antibiotic resistance: The unfolding crisis 2. The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance: Policy levers 3. Patient and physician demand for antibiotics 4. The role of health care facilities 5. The role of the federal government 6. The role of health insurance 7. Supply-side strategies for tackling resistance 8. Next steps Acronyms and Abbreviations Biographies Consultation Participants