The tradition of rational theology in the mature post-classical Sunni tradition has unique philosophical insights and solutions to modern philosophical problems that have not yet been articulated in the philosophical mainstream. Discerning Religious Truth does that for the first time. In doing so, it connects the tradition of Sunni Muslim intellectual thought to modern questions of philosophy and logic through the content of al-Khabīṣī’s (d. 1050/1640) commentary on Tahdhīb al-manṭiq, along with its glosses. This text acts as a bridge for traditionally trained scholars of those sciences to engage modern philosophical questions and for researchers in modern philosophy to engage with traditional Islamic sources.