​Marion Boulby is Associate Professor of History at Trent University, Canada. Kenneth Christie is Professor and Program Head of the Masters in Arts in Human Security and Peacebuilding at Royal Roads University, Canada.

“The book makes a significant contribution to the analysis of human security challenges as well as implications for immigrants and refugees in the MENA region in the post-Arab Spring period. Authors attain to present a general overview of responses of regional countries and the EU as well as the international community while also paying attention to the relevance of non-state actors for ensuring the security of refugees and immigrants.” (Dr Gül Oral, Migration Letters, Vol. 16 (2), April, 2019)

• 1. Introduction: Migration, Refugees and Human Security in the 21st Century.- 2. Death of the Refugee: The Silence of Numbers.- 3. Children and Youth in the Refugee Equation: Working with the Vulnerable.- 4. Causes and Mitigation.- 5. From Failing States to Migration: The Role of Non-State Actors.- 6. Intervention and Policy in the Mediterranean Refugee Crisis.- 7. The Middle East: Syrian Refugees, Human Security and Insecurity in Jordan.- 8. Human Trafficking and the Issue of Slavery in Supply Chains.- 9. Policy Responses: Too Little or Too Late?.- 10. Conclusion.

​Marion Boulby is Associate Professor of History at Trent University, Canada. Kenneth Christie is Professor and Program Head of the Masters in Arts in Human Security and Peacebuilding at Royal Roads University, Canada.

“The book makes a significant contribution to the analysis of human security challenges as well as implications for immigrants and refugees in the MENA region in the post-Arab Spring period. Authors attain to present a general overview of responses of regional countries and the EU as well as the international community while also paying attention to the relevance of non-state actors for ensuring the security of refugees and immigrants.” (Dr Gül Oral, Migration Letters, Vol. 16 (2), April, 2019)

• 1. Introduction: Migration, Refugees and Human Security in the 21st Century.- 2. Death of the Refugee: The Silence of Numbers.- 3. Children and Youth in the Refugee Equation: Working with the Vulnerable.- 4. Causes and Mitigation.- 5. From Failing States to Migration: The Role of Non-State Actors.- 6. Intervention and Policy in the Mediterranean Refugee Crisis.- 7. The Middle East: Syrian Refugees, Human Security and Insecurity in Jordan.- 8. Human Trafficking and the Issue of Slavery in Supply Chains.- 9. Policy Responses: Too Little or Too Late?.- 10. Conclusion.

​Marion Boulby is Associate Professor of History at Trent University, Canada. Kenneth Christie is Professor and Program Head of the Masters in Arts in Human Security and Peacebuilding at Royal Roads University, Canada.

“The book makes a significant contribution to the analysis of human security challenges as well as implications for immigrants and refugees in the MENA region in the post-Arab Spring period. Authors attain to present a general overview of responses of regional countries and the EU as well as the international community while also paying attention to the relevance of non-state actors for ensuring the security of refugees and immigrants.” (Dr Gül Oral, Migration Letters, Vol. 16 (2), April, 2019)

• 1. Introduction: Migration, Refugees and Human Security in the 21st Century.- 2. Death of the Refugee: The Silence of Numbers.- 3. Children and Youth in the Refugee Equation: Working with the Vulnerable.- 4. Causes and Mitigation.- 5. From Failing States to Migration: The Role of Non-State Actors.- 6. Intervention and Policy in the Mediterranean Refugee Crisis.- 7. The Middle East: Syrian Refugees, Human Security and Insecurity in Jordan.- 8. Human Trafficking and the Issue of Slavery in Supply Chains.- 9. Policy Responses: Too Little or Too Late?.- 10. Conclusion.