Rafael Vieira received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Since 2019, he has a research position at the Instituto de Telecomunicações, working on analog circuit design. At the same institutions, he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering in the area of analog and mixed-signal design for low-power and energy-efficient biomedical circuits and systems. His research interests are mainly in analog IC design for healthcare and biomedical applications as well as electronic design automation.Nuno Horta (S‟89–M‟97–SM‟11) received the Licenciado, M.Sc., Ph.D. and Habilitation degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 1989, 1992, 1997 and 2014, respectively. In March 1998, he joined the IST Electrical and Computer Engineering Department where he is currently Associate Professor with Habilitation. Since 1998, he is, also, with Instituto de Telecomunicações, where he is the head of the Integrated Circuits Group. He has supervised more than 100 postgraduation works between M.Sc. and Ph.D. theses. He has authored or co-authored more than 150 publications such as books, book chapters, international journals papers and conference papers. He has also participated as Researcher or Coordinator in several national and European R&D projects. He was General Chair of AACD 2014, PRIME 2016 and SMACD 2016 and was Member of the organizing and technical program committees of several other conferences, e.g., IEEE ISCAS, IEEE LASCAS, DATE, NGCAS, etc. He is Associated Editor of Integration, The VLSI Journal, from Elsevier, and usually acts as Reviewer of several prestigious publications, e.g., IEEE TCAD, IEEE TEC, IEEE TCAS, ESWA, ASC, etc. His research interests are mainly in analog and mixed-signal IC design, analog IC design automation, soft computing and data science. Nuno Lourenço received Licenciado, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2005, 2007, and 2014 respectively. He is with Instituto de Telecomunicações in Lisbon since 2005, where he now holds a postdoctoral research position. He has authored or co-authored over 80 works, including patents, books, book chapters, international journals and conferences papers. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal IC design, electronic design automation tools,  and artificial intelligence.Ricardo Póvoa received the B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2011, 2013 and 2018, respectively. Since 2013, he has been with Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, where he is now Postdoctoral Researcher, researching on low-power analog and mixed-signal IC design applied to biometric applications and healthcare. In 2016, he joined the Marine Engineering Department, Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique, Lisbon, where he teaches the Naval Electronics and Automation course and the Marine Electrotechnical Engineering course. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal circuit design, RF CMOS circuitry and applications, biomedical engineering and electronics and EDA.

• Introduction.- Related Work: General Overview of Instrumentation Amplifiers, Performance Metrics, Circuit Topologies and Techniques.- Biopotentials and Biometrics.- Circuit Design and Implementation: Theoretical Analysis and Design Strategies.- Design Implementation and Dedicated Techniques: Energy-Efficiency and Tuning Capabilities.- Layout Design and Simulation Results.- Conclusions.

Rafael Vieira received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Since 2019, he has a research position at the Instituto de Telecomunicações, working on analog circuit design. At the same institutions, he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering in the area of analog and mixed-signal design for low-power and energy-efficient biomedical circuits and systems. His research interests are mainly in analog IC design for healthcare and biomedical applications as well as electronic design automation.Nuno Horta (S‟89–M‟97–SM‟11) received the Licenciado, M.Sc., Ph.D. and Habilitation degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 1989, 1992, 1997 and 2014, respectively. In March 1998, he joined the IST Electrical and Computer Engineering Department where he is currently Associate Professor with Habilitation. Since 1998, he is, also, with Instituto de Telecomunicações, where he is the head of the Integrated Circuits Group. He has supervised more than 100 postgraduation works between M.Sc. and Ph.D. theses. He has authored or co-authored more than 150 publications such as books, book chapters, international journals papers and conference papers. He has also participated as Researcher or Coordinator in several national and European R&D projects. He was General Chair of AACD 2014, PRIME 2016 and SMACD 2016 and was Member of the organizing and technical program committees of several other conferences, e.g., IEEE ISCAS, IEEE LASCAS, DATE, NGCAS, etc. He is Associated Editor of Integration, The VLSI Journal, from Elsevier, and usually acts as Reviewer of several prestigious publications, e.g., IEEE TCAD, IEEE TEC, IEEE TCAS, ESWA, ASC, etc. His research interests are mainly in analog and mixed-signal IC design, analog IC design automation, soft computing and data science. Nuno Lourenço received Licenciado, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2005, 2007, and 2014 respectively. He is with Instituto de Telecomunicações in Lisbon since 2005, where he now holds a postdoctoral research position. He has authored or co-authored over 80 works, including patents, books, book chapters, international journals and conferences papers. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal IC design, electronic design automation tools,  and artificial intelligence.Ricardo Póvoa received the B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2011, 2013 and 2018, respectively. Since 2013, he has been with Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, where he is now Postdoctoral Researcher, researching on low-power analog and mixed-signal IC design applied to biometric applications and healthcare. In 2016, he joined the Marine Engineering Department, Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique, Lisbon, where he teaches the Naval Electronics and Automation course and the Marine Electrotechnical Engineering course. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal circuit design, RF CMOS circuitry and applications, biomedical engineering and electronics and EDA.

• Introduction.- Related Work: General Overview of Instrumentation Amplifiers, Performance Metrics, Circuit Topologies and Techniques.- Biopotentials and Biometrics.- Circuit Design and Implementation: Theoretical Analysis and Design Strategies.- Design Implementation and Dedicated Techniques: Energy-Efficiency and Tuning Capabilities.- Layout Design and Simulation Results.- Conclusions.

Rafael Vieira received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Since 2019, he has a research position at the Instituto de Telecomunicações, working on analog circuit design. At the same institutions, he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering in the area of analog and mixed-signal design for low-power and energy-efficient biomedical circuits and systems. His research interests are mainly in analog IC design for healthcare and biomedical applications as well as electronic design automation.Nuno Horta (S‟89–M‟97–SM‟11) received the Licenciado, M.Sc., Ph.D. and Habilitation degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 1989, 1992, 1997 and 2014, respectively. In March 1998, he joined the IST Electrical and Computer Engineering Department where he is currently Associate Professor with Habilitation. Since 1998, he is, also, with Instituto de Telecomunicações, where he is the head of the Integrated Circuits Group. He has supervised more than 100 postgraduation works between M.Sc. and Ph.D. theses. He has authored or co-authored more than 150 publications such as books, book chapters, international journals papers and conference papers. He has also participated as Researcher or Coordinator in several national and European R&D projects. He was General Chair of AACD 2014, PRIME 2016 and SMACD 2016 and was Member of the organizing and technical program committees of several other conferences, e.g., IEEE ISCAS, IEEE LASCAS, DATE, NGCAS, etc. He is Associated Editor of Integration, The VLSI Journal, from Elsevier, and usually acts as Reviewer of several prestigious publications, e.g., IEEE TCAD, IEEE TEC, IEEE TCAS, ESWA, ASC, etc. His research interests are mainly in analog and mixed-signal IC design, analog IC design automation, soft computing and data science. Nuno Lourenço received Licenciado, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 2005, 2007, and 2014 respectively. He is with Instituto de Telecomunicações in Lisbon since 2005, where he now holds a postdoctoral research position. He has authored or co-authored over 80 works, including patents, books, book chapters, international journals and conferences papers. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal IC design, electronic design automation tools,  and artificial intelligence.Ricardo Póvoa received the B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2011, 2013 and 2018, respectively. Since 2013, he has been with Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, where he is now Postdoctoral Researcher, researching on low-power analog and mixed-signal IC design applied to biometric applications and healthcare. In 2016, he joined the Marine Engineering Department, Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique, Lisbon, where he teaches the Naval Electronics and Automation course and the Marine Electrotechnical Engineering course. His current research interests include analog and mixed-signal circuit design, RF CMOS circuitry and applications, biomedical engineering and electronics and EDA.

• Introduction.- Related Work: General Overview of Instrumentation Amplifiers, Performance Metrics, Circuit Topologies and Techniques.- Biopotentials and Biometrics.- Circuit Design and Implementation: Theoretical Analysis and Design Strategies.- Design Implementation and Dedicated Techniques: Energy-Efficiency and Tuning Capabilities.- Layout Design and Simulation Results.- Conclusions.