Audrey Wells is an Honorary Research Associate at Royal Holloway College University of London (UK) where she taught twentieth century history. Her doctorate was on Chinese political thought for which she studied at the London School of Economics and Ren Min University in Beijing. She is the author of books on Russia, China and International Relations.

• Chapter 1. Forgiveness and Revenge.- Part 1. Forgiveness towards a Foreign Enemy and the Futility of Revenge.- Chapter 2. Robert Schuman, Forgiveness and the Founding of the EU.- Chapter 3. 9/11: the USA's Revenge on Afghanistan.- Chapter 4. Iraq 2003: Deluded Revenge.- Chapter 5. Libya and the West: A Cycle of Revenge.- Chapter 6. USA and Iran.- Chapter 7. Is America a Vengeful Democracy?.- Part 2. The West’s Unforgiving Responses to Russia and China.- Chapter 8. Russophobia: the Ukraine Conflict, the Skripal Affair.- Chapter 9. Belarus: Forgiveness; Russophobia Impedes Mediation.- Chapter 10. Sinophobia.- Chapter 11. Political Vengeance has Harmed China’s Development.- Part 3. Forgiveness between Ethnic Groups or to an Occupying Power.- Chapter 12. Mahatma Gandhi’s Rejection of Revenge.- Chapter 13. Israel and the Palestinians: the Futility of Violent Revenge.- Chapter 14. Forgiveness and the Irish Conflict.- Chapter 15. Nelson Mandela: Faith, Force and Forgiveness.- Part 4. Forgiveness during or after Civil War.- Chapter 16. The Relevance of Forgiveness and Revenge to the Syrian Civil War.- Chapter 17. Forgiveness after Civil War: Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Colombia and South Sudan.- Chapter 18. A Leadership of Forgiveness.- Chapter 19. Political Apologies, Forgiveness and Reparations.- Chapter 20. The Limits of Forgiveness (1): Islamic Jihadism in Africa.- Chapter 21. The Limits of Forgiveness (2): Myanmar Under the Generals.- Chapter 22. The Forgiveness of Debts.

Audrey Wells is an Honorary Research Associate at Royal Holloway College University of London (UK) where she taught twentieth century history. Her doctorate was on Chinese political thought for which she studied at the London School of Economics and Ren Min University in Beijing. She is the author of books on Russia, China and International Relations.

• Chapter 1. Forgiveness and Revenge.- Part 1. Forgiveness towards a Foreign Enemy and the Futility of Revenge.- Chapter 2. Robert Schuman, Forgiveness and the Founding of the EU.- Chapter 3. 9/11: the USA's Revenge on Afghanistan.- Chapter 4. Iraq 2003: Deluded Revenge.- Chapter 5. Libya and the West: A Cycle of Revenge.- Chapter 6. USA and Iran.- Chapter 7. Is America a Vengeful Democracy?.- Part 2. The West’s Unforgiving Responses to Russia and China.- Chapter 8. Russophobia: the Ukraine Conflict, the Skripal Affair.- Chapter 9. Belarus: Forgiveness; Russophobia Impedes Mediation.- Chapter 10. Sinophobia.- Chapter 11. Political Vengeance has Harmed China’s Development.- Part 3. Forgiveness between Ethnic Groups or to an Occupying Power.- Chapter 12. Mahatma Gandhi’s Rejection of Revenge.- Chapter 13. Israel and the Palestinians: the Futility of Violent Revenge.- Chapter 14. Forgiveness and the Irish Conflict.- Chapter 15. Nelson Mandela: Faith, Force and Forgiveness.- Part 4. Forgiveness during or after Civil War.- Chapter 16. The Relevance of Forgiveness and Revenge to the Syrian Civil War.- Chapter 17. Forgiveness after Civil War: Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Colombia and South Sudan.- Chapter 18. A Leadership of Forgiveness.- Chapter 19. Political Apologies, Forgiveness and Reparations.- Chapter 20. The Limits of Forgiveness (1): Islamic Jihadism in Africa.- Chapter 21. The Limits of Forgiveness (2): Myanmar Under the Generals.- Chapter 22. The Forgiveness of Debts.

Audrey Wells is an Honorary Research Associate at Royal Holloway College University of London (UK) where she taught twentieth century history. Her doctorate was on Chinese political thought for which she studied at the London School of Economics and Ren Min University in Beijing. She is the author of books on Russia, China and International Relations.

• Chapter 1. Forgiveness and Revenge.- Part 1. Forgiveness towards a Foreign Enemy and the Futility of Revenge.- Chapter 2. Robert Schuman, Forgiveness and the Founding of the EU.- Chapter 3. 9/11: the USA's Revenge on Afghanistan.- Chapter 4. Iraq 2003: Deluded Revenge.- Chapter 5. Libya and the West: A Cycle of Revenge.- Chapter 6. USA and Iran.- Chapter 7. Is America a Vengeful Democracy?.- Part 2. The West’s Unforgiving Responses to Russia and China.- Chapter 8. Russophobia: the Ukraine Conflict, the Skripal Affair.- Chapter 9. Belarus: Forgiveness; Russophobia Impedes Mediation.- Chapter 10. Sinophobia.- Chapter 11. Political Vengeance has Harmed China’s Development.- Part 3. Forgiveness between Ethnic Groups or to an Occupying Power.- Chapter 12. Mahatma Gandhi’s Rejection of Revenge.- Chapter 13. Israel and the Palestinians: the Futility of Violent Revenge.- Chapter 14. Forgiveness and the Irish Conflict.- Chapter 15. Nelson Mandela: Faith, Force and Forgiveness.- Part 4. Forgiveness during or after Civil War.- Chapter 16. The Relevance of Forgiveness and Revenge to the Syrian Civil War.- Chapter 17. Forgiveness after Civil War: Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Colombia and South Sudan.- Chapter 18. A Leadership of Forgiveness.- Chapter 19. Political Apologies, Forgiveness and Reparations.- Chapter 20. The Limits of Forgiveness (1): Islamic Jihadism in Africa.- Chapter 21. The Limits of Forgiveness (2): Myanmar Under the Generals.- Chapter 22. The Forgiveness of Debts.