Dr. Christian M. Julien received his engineer degree in Physics from Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris and obtained his PhD in materials science from Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. He has 45 years of research experience in the field of solid state ionics and materials for energy storage and conversion, and, has developed lithium micro-batteries. He is especially well known for his contributions on vibrational spectroscopy of lithium intercalation compounds. He was director of NATO Advanced Study Institutes on intercalation compounds and materials for batteries. He is investigating cathode and anode materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion, lithium-metal and lithium-sulfur batteries. Dr. Julien has served The Electrochemical Society as coorganiser of technical symposia and he is editorial board member of Ionics, Material Science Engineering B, Green Chemical Technology, academic editor of Nanomaterials, Materials and Inorganics and editor-in-chief of Nanoarchitectonics. He is an author or co-author of over 900 research articles.Dr. Alain Mauger attended the University of Paris where he graduated in solid state physics, obtained the PhD degree in 1974, and Doctorat d'État in 1980. His work focussed on the theory of impurities in semi-metals, electronic structure of solids, and magnetic semiconductors. He left Paris to spend a year at the University of California, Irvine where he continued his work on magnetic semiconductors and optical properties of liquid crystals in collaboration with Professor D.L. Mills and shared his time between the University of Paris and the University of California up to 1985. He went on to do research at the University of Paris 07 on spin glasses and statistical physics. Since 1992, he has been at University Paris 06, leading different groups on solid state and complex matter physics, before joining IMPMC in 2007 to work on the materials science for Li-ion batteries.

• Diffusion.- Experimental methods.- The Lithium Negative Electrode.- Polymer Electrolytes.- Ceramic Electrolytes.- Microbatteries.- Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Dr. Christian M. Julien received his engineer degree in Physics from Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris and obtained his PhD in materials science from Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. He has 45 years of research experience in the field of solid state ionics and materials for energy storage and conversion, and, has developed lithium micro-batteries. He is especially well known for his contributions on vibrational spectroscopy of lithium intercalation compounds. He was director of NATO Advanced Study Institutes on intercalation compounds and materials for batteries. He is investigating cathode and anode materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion, lithium-metal and lithium-sulfur batteries. Dr. Julien has served The Electrochemical Society as coorganiser of technical symposia and he is editorial board member of Ionics, Material Science Engineering B, Green Chemical Technology, academic editor of Nanomaterials, Materials and Inorganics and editor-in-chief of Nanoarchitectonics. He is an author or co-author of over 900 research articles.Dr. Alain Mauger attended the University of Paris where he graduated in solid state physics, obtained the PhD degree in 1974, and Doctorat d'État in 1980. His work focussed on the theory of impurities in semi-metals, electronic structure of solids, and magnetic semiconductors. He left Paris to spend a year at the University of California, Irvine where he continued his work on magnetic semiconductors and optical properties of liquid crystals in collaboration with Professor D.L. Mills and shared his time between the University of Paris and the University of California up to 1985. He went on to do research at the University of Paris 07 on spin glasses and statistical physics. Since 1992, he has been at University Paris 06, leading different groups on solid state and complex matter physics, before joining IMPMC in 2007 to work on the materials science for Li-ion batteries.

• Diffusion.- Experimental methods.- The Lithium Negative Electrode.- Polymer Electrolytes.- Ceramic Electrolytes.- Microbatteries.- Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Dr. Christian M. Julien received his engineer degree in Physics from Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Paris and obtained his PhD in materials science from Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. He has 45 years of research experience in the field of solid state ionics and materials for energy storage and conversion, and, has developed lithium micro-batteries. He is especially well known for his contributions on vibrational spectroscopy of lithium intercalation compounds. He was director of NATO Advanced Study Institutes on intercalation compounds and materials for batteries. He is investigating cathode and anode materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion, lithium-metal and lithium-sulfur batteries. Dr. Julien has served The Electrochemical Society as coorganiser of technical symposia and he is editorial board member of Ionics, Material Science Engineering B, Green Chemical Technology, academic editor of Nanomaterials, Materials and Inorganics and editor-in-chief of Nanoarchitectonics. He is an author or co-author of over 900 research articles.Dr. Alain Mauger attended the University of Paris where he graduated in solid state physics, obtained the PhD degree in 1974, and Doctorat d'État in 1980. His work focussed on the theory of impurities in semi-metals, electronic structure of solids, and magnetic semiconductors. He left Paris to spend a year at the University of California, Irvine where he continued his work on magnetic semiconductors and optical properties of liquid crystals in collaboration with Professor D.L. Mills and shared his time between the University of Paris and the University of California up to 1985. He went on to do research at the University of Paris 07 on spin glasses and statistical physics. Since 1992, he has been at University Paris 06, leading different groups on solid state and complex matter physics, before joining IMPMC in 2007 to work on the materials science for Li-ion batteries.

• Diffusion.- Experimental methods.- The Lithium Negative Electrode.- Polymer Electrolytes.- Ceramic Electrolytes.- Microbatteries.- Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.