The purpose of this fifth volume in the Global Virology series is to describe and propose vaccines, focusing primarily on viral vaccines. In addition to human vaccines, animal viral vaccines are  included since animals are used in vaccine research, and the spread of diseases to, from, and among animals, birds, and humans permeates the ecosystem. Due to climatic, geographical, and social factors, there is increased global spread of viruses and other infectious agents. Contributory factors include global warming, spread of vectors, increased human travel, encroachment into animal and avian environments, war, pestilence, malnutrition, and environmental, economic, and social collapse.  GVV will address vaccines for many of the viruses addressed in previous series volumes, as well as for viruses not previously covered, and novel and future vaccine technologies.  Advances in vaccine effectiveness and molecular engineering approaches are included, such as gene therapy, and CRISPR technologies.

The purpose of this fifth volume in the Global Virology series is to describe and propose vaccines, focusing primarily on viral vaccines. In addition to human vaccines, animal viral vaccines are  included since animals are used in vaccine research, and the spread of diseases to, from, and among animals, birds, and humans permeates the ecosystem. Due to climatic, geographical, and social factors, there is increased global spread of viruses and other infectious agents. Contributory factors include global warming, spread of vectors, increased human travel, encroachment into animal and avian environments, war, pestilence, malnutrition, and environmental, economic, and social collapse.  GVV will address vaccines for many of the viruses addressed in previous series volumes, as well as for viruses not previously covered, and novel and future vaccine technologies.  Advances in vaccine effectiveness and molecular engineering approaches are included, such as gene therapy, and CRISPR technologies.

The purpose of this fifth volume in the Global Virology series is to describe and propose vaccines, focusing primarily on viral vaccines. In addition to human vaccines, animal viral vaccines are  included since animals are used in vaccine research, and the spread of diseases to, from, and among animals, birds, and humans permeates the ecosystem. Due to climatic, geographical, and social factors, there is increased global spread of viruses and other infectious agents. Contributory factors include global warming, spread of vectors, increased human travel, encroachment into animal and avian environments, war, pestilence, malnutrition, and environmental, economic, and social collapse.  GVV will address vaccines for many of the viruses addressed in previous series volumes, as well as for viruses not previously covered, and novel and future vaccine technologies.  Advances in vaccine effectiveness and molecular engineering approaches are included, such as gene therapy, and CRISPR technologies.