This book examines the evolving phenomenon of digital transformation in the public sector. First, it provides a theoretical understanding of public sector digitalization, considers policy dilemmas that may hinder it, and assesses strategies for successful digital transformation. It then provides an empirical analysis of public sector digitalization, considered in the context of the EU digital strategy. Drawing on national, regional and local case studies, the book then assesses digital transformation in Italy, in order to examine policy strategies in real contexts. It demonstrates that digitalization is not simply a process of replacing humans with machines, but a complex and controversial process involving policy design and implementation. The policy framework also provides a basis for evaluating the successes and failures of digital government projects, which will be applicable in many other countries. The book will appeal to all those interested in public policy, public administration and public management, as well as digitalization and technology studies.