12th International Copper Conference

Copper 2025 is the first of three volumes devoted to the Copper 2025 + Ni-Co 2025 + Cross-Cutting Symposia of the Extraction 2025 Meeting & Exhibition joint conference, held November 16–20, 2025, at the Sheraton Grand at Wild Horse Pass in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. The success of the Copper Conference is thanks to the efforts of eight leading international societies (IIMCh, GDMB, MMIJ, TMS, SME, MetSoc of CIM, NFSOC, and SAIMM), who continue to bring forth symposia of the highest quality on mining, mineral processing, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, process control, and instrumentation. The Extraction 2025 volumes collect important research examining new developments in foundational extractive metallurgy topics and techniques. They also offer new programming designed to share the latest research and insights on emerging technologies and issues that are shaping the global extractive metallurgy industry.The Extraction 2025 Meeting & Exhibition was jointly organized by The Metallurgy and Materials Society (MetSoc) of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM), the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME), and The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS).