This edited volume brings together scholars from diverse theoretical traditions to present and discuss their perspective on theory-building in psychology. Amid ongoing discussions about a potential (theory) crisis in the discipline, this collection offers a timely and comprehensive overview of key debates. It serves as a foundation for further reflection and future research.The book consists of three parts. The chapters in the first part analyse conceptual and philosophical issues underlying theory- and model-building in psychology. By contextualizing the debate with historical and interdisciplinary arguments, these chapters provide a framework for further discussion. The second part is dedicated to the challenges that emerge when inquiring into the nature of theory- and model-building in psychology. Psychology faces a unique set of meta-scientific concerns that any attempt at solution needs to recognize. Such attempts are discussed in the third part of the book. The book concludes with a final chapter, in which the individual contributions are situated within the current debate on theory- and model-building in psychology.Chapters ”4 and 21” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License via link.springer.com