Yee Leung is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Geography and Resource Management and Honorary Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of Space and Earth Information Science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China. He is Pioneer of the theory and applications of fuzzy sets approach to geographical research and has done novel research on uncertainty analysis in geographical modeling and spatial information involving probability, statistics, fuzzy set, rough set, and granular computing. His research also covers artificial intelligence in general and machine learning  including deep learning, neural network, evolutionary computation, and optimization in particular. He has published six monographs and more than 200 articles in reputed international journals and book chapters mainly in geography,  geographical information science, artificial intelligence, computer science, and information science. His research is holistically reflected in the landmark research monographs.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Dynamics and Complexity of Cities.- Chapter 3. Building Digital Twins of Cities via Governing Equations.- Chapter 4. Data-Driven Approach to the Construction of Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 5. Building Digital Twins of Cities via Urban Theory-Informed Neural Networks.- Chapter 6. Building Digital Twins of Cities as Complex Networks of Interdependence.- Chapter 7. Multiagent Approach to Building Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 8. Incorporation of Multiscale Dynamics and Complexity into Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 9. Interoperability between Models and Data for the Incorporation of Dynamics and Complexity into Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 10. Sensor Network and Data Quality Assurance for Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 11. Summary and Conclusion.

Yee Leung is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Geography and Resource Management and Honorary Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of Space and Earth Information Science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China. He is Pioneer of the theory and applications of fuzzy sets approach to geographical research and has done novel research on uncertainty analysis in geographical modeling and spatial information involving probability, statistics, fuzzy set, rough set, and granular computing. His research also covers artificial intelligence in general and machine learning  including deep learning, neural network, evolutionary computation, and optimization in particular. He has published six monographs and more than 200 articles in reputed international journals and book chapters mainly in geography,  geographical information science, artificial intelligence, computer science, and information science. His research is holistically reflected in the landmark research monographs.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Dynamics and Complexity of Cities.- Chapter 3. Building Digital Twins of Cities via Governing Equations.- Chapter 4. Data-Driven Approach to the Construction of Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 5. Building Digital Twins of Cities via Urban Theory-Informed Neural Networks.- Chapter 6. Building Digital Twins of Cities as Complex Networks of Interdependence.- Chapter 7. Multiagent Approach to Building Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 8. Incorporation of Multiscale Dynamics and Complexity into Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 9. Interoperability between Models and Data for the Incorporation of Dynamics and Complexity into Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 10. Sensor Network and Data Quality Assurance for Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 11. Summary and Conclusion.

Yee Leung is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Geography and Resource Management and Honorary Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of Space and Earth Information Science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China. He is Pioneer of the theory and applications of fuzzy sets approach to geographical research and has done novel research on uncertainty analysis in geographical modeling and spatial information involving probability, statistics, fuzzy set, rough set, and granular computing. His research also covers artificial intelligence in general and machine learning  including deep learning, neural network, evolutionary computation, and optimization in particular. He has published six monographs and more than 200 articles in reputed international journals and book chapters mainly in geography,  geographical information science, artificial intelligence, computer science, and information science. His research is holistically reflected in the landmark research monographs.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Dynamics and Complexity of Cities.- Chapter 3. Building Digital Twins of Cities via Governing Equations.- Chapter 4. Data-Driven Approach to the Construction of Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 5. Building Digital Twins of Cities via Urban Theory-Informed Neural Networks.- Chapter 6. Building Digital Twins of Cities as Complex Networks of Interdependence.- Chapter 7. Multiagent Approach to Building Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 8. Incorporation of Multiscale Dynamics and Complexity into Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 9. Interoperability between Models and Data for the Incorporation of Dynamics and Complexity into Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 10. Sensor Network and Data Quality Assurance for Digital Twins of Cities.- Chapter 11. Summary and Conclusion.