This book argues that addressing sustainability challenges requires insights from multiple disciplines, diverse perspectives, and collaboration across sectors. It explores the dynamic physical and cultural aspects of geography in the context of sustainable development, using modern tools and techniques. Geography is principally concerned with the growing relationship between human society and the physical environment, while sustainability offers solutions to meet present needs without compromising the demand of future generations. The connection between geography and sustainability becomes more significant when considering the advanced tools and techniques for analyzing complex environmental aspects as well as challenges, especially after the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Consequently, tools and techniques are integral parts of geographical studies and play a crucial role in promoting sustainable development. From precise data collection to spatial modelling, modern geographical research depends on these tools and techniques. This book explores the applications of tools and techniques such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Machine Learning (ML) and some data visualization methods. These tools and techniques provide valuable insights into environmental changes, emphasising sustainable development. The fundamental areas of application include monitoring climate change, analyzing land use land cover change, assessing surface and ground water level, managing landslides risk and optimizing resource management. These tools and techniques also help to track environmental degradation by integrating different datasets and prepare spatial models and predictions. This will ultimately give an idea about urban planning, disaster management and environmental sustainability for the policy makers.
