Dr. Ryan J. Roberts is an Assistant professor of Criminal Justice at Youngstown State University. He earned his Ph.D. in international studies from Old Dominion University with concentrations in international security and modeling & simulation. In 2021, his research analyzing the geospatial distribution of gang member connections was published in the  International Journal of Cyber Criminology. Prior to earning his doctorate, he worked as a correctional officer in security threat group (STG) intelligence and served on the Prison Emergency Response Team (PERT). His research agenda focuses on gang networks.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. The Fuzzy Logic of Gang Definitions .- Chapter 3. Conceptualizing the Gang Threat: Group Process, Motivation, & Goal Setting.- Chapter 4. The Gang Interaction Space and Network Facilitators .- Chapter 5. Gangs as Complex Adaptive Systems: Analyzing the Patterns of Gang Origins and Transformation .- Chapter 6. Conclusion.

Dr. Ryan J. Roberts is an Assistant professor of Criminal Justice at Youngstown State University. He earned his Ph.D. in international studies from Old Dominion University with concentrations in international security and modeling & simulation. In 2021, his research analyzing the geospatial distribution of gang member connections was published in the  International Journal of Cyber Criminology. Prior to earning his doctorate, he worked as a correctional officer in security threat group (STG) intelligence and served on the Prison Emergency Response Team (PERT). His research agenda focuses on gang networks.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. The Fuzzy Logic of Gang Definitions .- Chapter 3. Conceptualizing the Gang Threat: Group Process, Motivation, & Goal Setting.- Chapter 4. The Gang Interaction Space and Network Facilitators .- Chapter 5. Gangs as Complex Adaptive Systems: Analyzing the Patterns of Gang Origins and Transformation .- Chapter 6. Conclusion.

Dr. Ryan J. Roberts is an Assistant professor of Criminal Justice at Youngstown State University. He earned his Ph.D. in international studies from Old Dominion University with concentrations in international security and modeling & simulation. In 2021, his research analyzing the geospatial distribution of gang member connections was published in the  International Journal of Cyber Criminology. Prior to earning his doctorate, he worked as a correctional officer in security threat group (STG) intelligence and served on the Prison Emergency Response Team (PERT). His research agenda focuses on gang networks.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. The Fuzzy Logic of Gang Definitions .- Chapter 3. Conceptualizing the Gang Threat: Group Process, Motivation, & Goal Setting.- Chapter 4. The Gang Interaction Space and Network Facilitators .- Chapter 5. Gangs as Complex Adaptive Systems: Analyzing the Patterns of Gang Origins and Transformation .- Chapter 6. Conclusion.