Russia's attack on Ukraine marked the beginning of Europe's most consequential war since 1945. The European Union is taking in war refugees, imposing sanctions, and financing arms deliveries, while the superpower USA is setting the course. The second, updated and expanded edition addresses this current development, which in turn underscores the importance of military history for historical and political education and the added value of an inter- and transnational approach.Military dimensions of the past are viewed from a European perspective that includes Russia and the US.Thirty renowned historians examine cross-border relations since the 19th century. With numerous illustrations, graphics, and maps, this innovative volume sheds light on the upheavals of war and peace, the transformation of civil-military relations, the representation of the military in self-images and images of others, and the relationships between armed forces in military alliances since the Napoleonic Wars from a transnational perspective—a valuable guide for historians and the broader public alike.