Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS) in Neurosurgery

Francesco Prada is staff neurosurgeon in the 1st Neurosurgical Division of the Department of Neurosurgery at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C.Besta in Milan, Italy, where he received his surgical training with professor S. Giombini, before starting to work under Professor F. DiMeco's guidance, developing his interest between clinical practice and research focusing on skull base surgery and neuro-oncology. He is currently leading the “Intra-operative Ultrasound in Neurosurgery Project”, started in 2009, and has infact performed more than 500 image guided ultrasound procedures. He particularly focuses on the intra-operative applications of ultrasound for the treatment of cerebral and spinal tumor and vascular lesions. He is currently developing advanced ultrasound techniques in neurosurgery, such as Fusion Imaging for Virtual Navigation, contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and elastosonography. His interest for diagnostic and therapeutic US applications lead to his involvement in the "TheraGlio" project, aimed at the development of multimodal contrast agents. He has further interest in alpinism and has obtained the diploma in mountain medicine of the “Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme”: he is currently investigating the physiopathological mechanism of cerebral edema in high altitude mountain sickness. Dr. Prada has published 36 original articles in peer-reviewed journals and 2 chapters in textbooks of Neurosurgery and has been Editor and Reviewer of numerous scientific publications. He has given presentations and lectures at national and international meetings.Luigi A. Solbiati was Chairman of the Department of Oncology and Head of the Division of Interventional Oncologic Radiology at the Hospital of Busto Arsizio (Milan area, Italy) for 13 years and has been Contract Professor of Techniques and Methods of Diagnostic Imaging atthe University of Milan since 1988. In July 2015 he became Professor of Radiology at Humanitas University and Research Hospital in Milan. His main fields of interest have always been small parts ultrasound, interventional procedures in oncologic diseases (particularly tumor ablation), imaging of the neck and contrast-enhanced sonography. He was one of the pioneers of ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsies (1979), ethanol injection of solid tumors (1983) and fusion imaging for the guidance of interventional procedures (2003). He has one of the largest world experiences in the treatment of liver malignancies with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and, more recently, high-power microwaves, accounting for more than 2,200 patients. Prof. Solbiati has published 112 original articles in peer-reviewed journals and 81 chapters in textbooks of Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Oncology and has been Editor of 11 books on small-parts sonography, contrast-enhanced sonography and ablative therapies. He has given more than 550 presentations at Meetings in 36 different countries. In 2006 Prof. Solbiati chaired the 1st  World Conference on Interventional Oncology (Cernobbio, Italy) and in 2013 the 1st Interventional Oncology Sans Frontieres Congress (IOSFC) (Cernobbio, Italy). His H-index is currently 41, his impact factor exceeds 400 and his publications had more than 10,800 citations.

"This is a well-illustrated monograph of 200 pages on 2D, 3D, Doppler, B-Mode Elastography, and Ultrasound imaging of gliomas, aneurysms, AVMs, and other vascular anomalies. ... The book is richly illustrated with full color pictures. ... This is essential reading material for all neurosurgeons using ultrasound." (Joseph J. Grenier, Amazon.com, July, 2016)

• General aspects: Clinical US, historical aspects.- ​US physics, basic principles and clinical application.- B-mode ultrasound: Ultrasound system set up and general semeiology.- Echographic brain semeiology and topographic anatomy according to surgical approaches.- Intraoperative findings in brain tumor surgery.- IOUS B-mode intra-operative findings in spinal lesions.- IOUS B-mode intra-operative findings in peripheral nerve pathologies.- Multimodal imaging in glioma surgery.- Doppler imaging: Basic principles and clinical application.- Intra-operative Ultrasound, Fusion imaging and Virtual Navigation: Virtual navigation and interventional procedures. Navigable ultrasound, 3D ultrasound and fusion imaging in neurosurgery.- Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): Basic principles, general application and future trends.- CEUS in neurosurgery.- Elastosonography: Ultrasound Elastography