Miguel Angel Reina, MD, PhDDepartment of Clinical Medical Sciences and Institute of Applied Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of CEU San PabloMadrid, SpainDepartment of Anesthesiology Madrid-Montepríncipe University HospitalMadrid, Spain

"The Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ... serves as a photographic atlas of actual human images and tissue samples. ... this textbook has accomplished what it was intended to do. ... it is intended to provide information not found previously in anatomical and histological atlases. ... an excellent addition to any departmental library or personal library of the dedicated regionalist; the reader will certainly not be disappointed with the illustrations provided in this book." (Rejean Gareau, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, Journal canadien d'anesthesie, November, 2015)

• Part I. Human Peripheral Nerve.- 1. Ultrastructure of Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons.- 2. Macrophages, Mastocytes, and Plasma Cells.- 3. Ultrastructure of the Endoneurium.- 4. Ultrastructure of the Perineurium.- 5. Ultrastructure of the Epineurium .- 6. Origin of the Fascicles and Intraneural Plexus.- 7. Macroscopic View of the Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus.- 8. Anna Carrera, Francisco Reina.- 9. Macroscopic View of the Lumbar Plexus and Sacral Plexus.- 10. Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and its Dissected Branches.- 11. Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and Paraneural Sheaths.- 12. Computerized Tomographic Images of Unintentional Intraneural Injection.- 13. Ultrasound View of Unintentional Intraneural Injection.- 14. Histologic Features of Needle-Nerve and Intraneural Injection Injury as Seen on Light Microscopy.- 15. Structure of Nerve Lesions after “In Vitro” Punctures.- 16. Scanning Electron Microscopy View of In Vitro Intraneural Injections.- 17. Injection of Dye Inside the Paraneural Sheath of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa.- 18. High-Definition and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve.- Part II. Component of the Spinal Canal.- 19. Spinal Dural Sac, Nerve Root Cuffs, Rootlets, and Nerve Roots.- 20. Ultrastructure of Spinal Dura Mater.- 21. Ultrastructure of the Spinal Arachnoid Layer.- 22. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Dural Sac.- 23. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Epidural Fat.- 24. Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Trabecular Arachnoid.- 25. Ultrastructure of Spinal Pia Mater.- 26. Ultrastructure of Spinal Subdural Compartment: Origin of Spinal Subdural Space.- 27. Unintentional Subdural and Intradural Placement of Epidural Catheters.- 28. Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Nerve Roots.- 29. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Cauda Equine Nerve Roots.- 30. Spinal  Nerve Root Lesions after “In Vitro” Needle Puncture.- 31. Nerve Root Cuff Lesions after “In Vitro” Needle Puncture and Model of “In Vitro” Nerve Stimuli Caused by Epidural Catheters.- 32. Ligamentum Flavum and Related Spinal Ligaments.- 33. The Ligamentum Flavum.- 34. Subarachnoid (Intrathecal) Ligaments.- 35. Displacement of the Nerve Roots of Cauda Equina in Different Positions.- 36. Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections.- 37. Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio.- 38. Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Dura-Epineurium Transition Tissue.- 39. Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Arachnoid Layer–Perineurium Transition Tissue at Preganglionic, Ganglionic, and Postganglionic Levels.- 40. Spinal Cord Stimulation.- 41. Ultrastructure of Dural Lesions Produced in Lumbar Punctures.- 42. Injections of Particulate Steroids for Nerve Root Blockade: Ultrastructural Examination of Complicating Factors.- 43. Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections.- Part III. Materials.- 44. Needles in Regional Anesthesia.- 45. Catheters in Regional Anesthesia.- 46. Epidural Filters and Particles from Surgical Gloves.- Part IV. Research Techniques.- 47. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Roots, and Surrounding Structures.- 48. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Root Volume Quantification from Magnetic Resonance Images.- 49. Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 50. Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Miguel Angel Reina, MD, PhDDepartment of Clinical Medical Sciences and Institute of Applied Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of CEU San PabloMadrid, SpainDepartment of Anesthesiology Madrid-Montepríncipe University HospitalMadrid, Spain

"The Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ... serves as a photographic atlas of actual human images and tissue samples. ... this textbook has accomplished what it was intended to do. ... it is intended to provide information not found previously in anatomical and histological atlases. ... an excellent addition to any departmental library or personal library of the dedicated regionalist; the reader will certainly not be disappointed with the illustrations provided in this book." (Rejean Gareau, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, Journal canadien d'anesthesie, November, 2015)

• Part I. Human Peripheral Nerve.- 1. Ultrastructure of Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons.- 2. Macrophages, Mastocytes, and Plasma Cells.- 3. Ultrastructure of the Endoneurium.- 4. Ultrastructure of the Perineurium.- 5. Ultrastructure of the Epineurium .- 6. Origin of the Fascicles and Intraneural Plexus.- 7. Macroscopic View of the Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus.- 8. Anna Carrera, Francisco Reina.- 9. Macroscopic View of the Lumbar Plexus and Sacral Plexus.- 10. Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and its Dissected Branches.- 11. Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and Paraneural Sheaths.- 12. Computerized Tomographic Images of Unintentional Intraneural Injection.- 13. Ultrasound View of Unintentional Intraneural Injection.- 14. Histologic Features of Needle-Nerve and Intraneural Injection Injury as Seen on Light Microscopy.- 15. Structure of Nerve Lesions after “In Vitro” Punctures.- 16. Scanning Electron Microscopy View of In Vitro Intraneural Injections.- 17. Injection of Dye Inside the Paraneural Sheath of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa.- 18. High-Definition and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve.- Part II. Component of the Spinal Canal.- 19. Spinal Dural Sac, Nerve Root Cuffs, Rootlets, and Nerve Roots.- 20. Ultrastructure of Spinal Dura Mater.- 21. Ultrastructure of the Spinal Arachnoid Layer.- 22. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Dural Sac.- 23. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Epidural Fat.- 24. Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Trabecular Arachnoid.- 25. Ultrastructure of Spinal Pia Mater.- 26. Ultrastructure of Spinal Subdural Compartment: Origin of Spinal Subdural Space.- 27. Unintentional Subdural and Intradural Placement of Epidural Catheters.- 28. Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Nerve Roots.- 29. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Cauda Equine Nerve Roots.- 30. Spinal  Nerve Root Lesions after “In Vitro” Needle Puncture.- 31. Nerve Root Cuff Lesions after “In Vitro” Needle Puncture and Model of “In Vitro” Nerve Stimuli Caused by Epidural Catheters.- 32. Ligamentum Flavum and Related Spinal Ligaments.- 33. The Ligamentum Flavum.- 34. Subarachnoid (Intrathecal) Ligaments.- 35. Displacement of the Nerve Roots of Cauda Equina in Different Positions.- 36. Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections.- 37. Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio.- 38. Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Dura-Epineurium Transition Tissue.- 39. Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Arachnoid Layer–Perineurium Transition Tissue at Preganglionic, Ganglionic, and Postganglionic Levels.- 40. Spinal Cord Stimulation.- 41. Ultrastructure of Dural Lesions Produced in Lumbar Punctures.- 42. Injections of Particulate Steroids for Nerve Root Blockade: Ultrastructural Examination of Complicating Factors.- 43. Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections.- Part III. Materials.- 44. Needles in Regional Anesthesia.- 45. Catheters in Regional Anesthesia.- 46. Epidural Filters and Particles from Surgical Gloves.- Part IV. Research Techniques.- 47. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Roots, and Surrounding Structures.- 48. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Root Volume Quantification from Magnetic Resonance Images.- 49. Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 50. Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Miguel Angel Reina, MD, PhDDepartment of Clinical Medical Sciences and Institute of Applied Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of CEU San PabloMadrid, SpainDepartment of Anesthesiology Madrid-Montepríncipe University HospitalMadrid, Spain

"The Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ... serves as a photographic atlas of actual human images and tissue samples. ... this textbook has accomplished what it was intended to do. ... it is intended to provide information not found previously in anatomical and histological atlases. ... an excellent addition to any departmental library or personal library of the dedicated regionalist; the reader will certainly not be disappointed with the illustrations provided in this book." (Rejean Gareau, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, Journal canadien d'anesthesie, November, 2015)

• Part I. Human Peripheral Nerve.- 1. Ultrastructure of Myelinated and Unmyelinated Axons.- 2. Macrophages, Mastocytes, and Plasma Cells.- 3. Ultrastructure of the Endoneurium.- 4. Ultrastructure of the Perineurium.- 5. Ultrastructure of the Epineurium .- 6. Origin of the Fascicles and Intraneural Plexus.- 7. Macroscopic View of the Cervical Plexus and Brachial Plexus.- 8. Anna Carrera, Francisco Reina.- 9. Macroscopic View of the Lumbar Plexus and Sacral Plexus.- 10. Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and its Dissected Branches.- 11. Cross-sectional Microscopic Anatomy of the Sciatic Nerve and Paraneural Sheaths.- 12. Computerized Tomographic Images of Unintentional Intraneural Injection.- 13. Ultrasound View of Unintentional Intraneural Injection.- 14. Histologic Features of Needle-Nerve and Intraneural Injection Injury as Seen on Light Microscopy.- 15. Structure of Nerve Lesions after “In Vitro” Punctures.- 16. Scanning Electron Microscopy View of In Vitro Intraneural Injections.- 17. Injection of Dye Inside the Paraneural Sheath of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa.- 18. High-Definition and Three-Dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve.- Part II. Component of the Spinal Canal.- 19. Spinal Dural Sac, Nerve Root Cuffs, Rootlets, and Nerve Roots.- 20. Ultrastructure of Spinal Dura Mater.- 21. Ultrastructure of the Spinal Arachnoid Layer.- 22. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Dural Sac.- 23. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Epidural Fat.- 24. Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Trabecular Arachnoid.- 25. Ultrastructure of Spinal Pia Mater.- 26. Ultrastructure of Spinal Subdural Compartment: Origin of Spinal Subdural Space.- 27. Unintentional Subdural and Intradural Placement of Epidural Catheters.- 28. Ultrastructure of Human Spinal Nerve Roots.- 29. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Cauda Equine Nerve Roots.- 30. Spinal  Nerve Root Lesions after “In Vitro” Needle Puncture.- 31. Nerve Root Cuff Lesions after “In Vitro” Needle Puncture and Model of “In Vitro” Nerve Stimuli Caused by Epidural Catheters.- 32. Ligamentum Flavum and Related Spinal Ligaments.- 33. The Ligamentum Flavum.- 34. Subarachnoid (Intrathecal) Ligaments.- 35. Displacement of the Nerve Roots of Cauda Equina in Different Positions.- 36. Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections.- 37. Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio.- 38. Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Dura-Epineurium Transition Tissue.- 39. Ultrastructure of Nerve Root Cuffs: Arachnoid Layer–Perineurium Transition Tissue at Preganglionic, Ganglionic, and Postganglionic Levels.- 40. Spinal Cord Stimulation.- 41. Ultrastructure of Dural Lesions Produced in Lumbar Punctures.- 42. Injections of Particulate Steroids for Nerve Root Blockade: Ultrastructural Examination of Complicating Factors.- 43. Nerve Root and Types of Needles Used in Transforaminal Injections.- Part III. Materials.- 44. Needles in Regional Anesthesia.- 45. Catheters in Regional Anesthesia.- 46. Epidural Filters and Particles from Surgical Gloves.- Part IV. Research Techniques.- 47. Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Roots, and Surrounding Structures.- 48. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Root Volume Quantification from Magnetic Resonance Images.- 49. Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 50. Transmission Electron Microscopy.