Micaela Morelli is a Professor of Pharmacology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cagliari. She also belongs to the Institute of Neuroscience at the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), the Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence at the University of Cagliari and is a member of the PhD school in Neuroscience at the University of Cagliari. Professor Morelli served in the Governing Councils of the Italian Neuroscience Society (SINS) and the International Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS). Since 2005, she has been the Italian representative in the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), and since 2010 she has been a member of the IBRO WERC/PERC Governing Council. Her main subjects of investigation focus on the mechanism of action of drugs affecting dopaminergic and adenosinergic transmission and their interaction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease.Dr. Nicola Simola holds a M.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and a Ph. D in Pharmacology of Drug Dependence and he is currently Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cagliari. Dr. Simola’s research involves the study and development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, focusing on adenosine receptor antagonists, the development of new preclinical models of early-stage Parkinson’s disease and the study of the interactions between caffeine and other recreational psychostimulants. Moreover, a recent field of Dr Simola’s research focuses on the study of ultrasonic vocalizations in rats as a tool for the study of the addictive properties of drugs.Jadwiga Wardas Ph.D., graduated from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland with an MSc in biology. In 1988 she was granted a fellowship from the National Academy of Sciences, USA. She holds a Ph.D. in Life Sciences from the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPh PAN). She served asAssociate Professor at the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, IPh PAN in 2004. She has been awarded numerous competitive research grants by the State Committee for Scientific Research and National Science Centre. Her scientific interests focus on the pathophysiology and therapy of Parkinson’s disease and development of animal models of both presymptomatic and symptomatic phase of this disease. For many years she has studied the involvement of adenosine and dopamine receptors in anti parkinsonian and neuroprotective effects. Her work was awarded twice by the Polish Academy of Sciences and she received the Silver Cross of Merit (2004). She is a member of Polish Neuroscience Society and European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

“This is an excellent text on the role of adenosine & its metabolites in parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia. … The book will benefit neurologists, pharmacologists, researchers, and biochemists with inical interests.” (Joseph J. Grenier, Amazon.com, January, 2017)“The authors have gathered updated and high-quality chapters from world-leading experts in the field to provide essential information on the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. … The audience is neuroscientists who work at either the preclinical and/or clinical phases of understanding the underlying mechanisms and novel molecular targets related to the cause and treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.” (Thomas L. Pazdernik, Doody’s Book Reviews, December, 2015)

• Adenosine A2A receptors: localization and function.- Allosteric Mechanisms in the adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromer.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in drug development.- Adenosine A2A Receptors and Neurotrophic Factors: Relevance for Parkinson's Disease.- Role of adenosine A2A receptors in the control of neuroinflammation – relevance for Parkinson’s disease.- Purines in Parkinson's: Adenosine A2A receptors and urate as targets for neuroprotection.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists as drugs for symptomatic control of Parkinson’s disease in preclinical studies.- Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to tremor in animal models of Parkinsonism.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in L-DOPA-induced motor fluctuations.- Adenosine A2A receptor-mediated control of non-motor functions in Parkinson’s disease.- Imaging Studies with A2A Receptor Antagonists.- Caffeine and neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.- The story of istradefylline – the first approved A2A antagonistfor the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.- Adenosinergic Receptor Antagonists: Clinical Experience in Parkinson's Disease.- Adenosinergic regulation of sleep-wake behavior in the basal ganglia.

Micaela Morelli is a Professor of Pharmacology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cagliari. She also belongs to the Institute of Neuroscience at the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), the Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence at the University of Cagliari and is a member of the PhD school in Neuroscience at the University of Cagliari. Professor Morelli served in the Governing Councils of the Italian Neuroscience Society (SINS) and the International Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS). Since 2005, she has been the Italian representative in the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), and since 2010 she has been a member of the IBRO WERC/PERC Governing Council. Her main subjects of investigation focus on the mechanism of action of drugs affecting dopaminergic and adenosinergic transmission and their interaction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease.Dr. Nicola Simola holds a M.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and a Ph. D in Pharmacology of Drug Dependence and he is currently Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cagliari. Dr. Simola’s research involves the study and development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, focusing on adenosine receptor antagonists, the development of new preclinical models of early-stage Parkinson’s disease and the study of the interactions between caffeine and other recreational psychostimulants. Moreover, a recent field of Dr Simola’s research focuses on the study of ultrasonic vocalizations in rats as a tool for the study of the addictive properties of drugs.Jadwiga Wardas Ph.D., graduated from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland with an MSc in biology. In 1988 she was granted a fellowship from the National Academy of Sciences, USA. She holds a Ph.D. in Life Sciences from the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPh PAN). She served asAssociate Professor at the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, IPh PAN in 2004. She has been awarded numerous competitive research grants by the State Committee for Scientific Research and National Science Centre. Her scientific interests focus on the pathophysiology and therapy of Parkinson’s disease and development of animal models of both presymptomatic and symptomatic phase of this disease. For many years she has studied the involvement of adenosine and dopamine receptors in anti parkinsonian and neuroprotective effects. Her work was awarded twice by the Polish Academy of Sciences and she received the Silver Cross of Merit (2004). She is a member of Polish Neuroscience Society and European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

“This is an excellent text on the role of adenosine & its metabolites in parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia. … The book will benefit neurologists, pharmacologists, researchers, and biochemists with inical interests.” (Joseph J. Grenier, Amazon.com, January, 2017)“The authors have gathered updated and high-quality chapters from world-leading experts in the field to provide essential information on the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. … The audience is neuroscientists who work at either the preclinical and/or clinical phases of understanding the underlying mechanisms and novel molecular targets related to the cause and treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.” (Thomas L. Pazdernik, Doody’s Book Reviews, December, 2015)

• Adenosine A2A receptors: localization and function.- Allosteric Mechanisms in the adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromer.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in drug development.- Adenosine A2A Receptors and Neurotrophic Factors: Relevance for Parkinson's Disease.- Role of adenosine A2A receptors in the control of neuroinflammation – relevance for Parkinson’s disease.- Purines in Parkinson's: Adenosine A2A receptors and urate as targets for neuroprotection.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists as drugs for symptomatic control of Parkinson’s disease in preclinical studies.- Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to tremor in animal models of Parkinsonism.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in L-DOPA-induced motor fluctuations.- Adenosine A2A receptor-mediated control of non-motor functions in Parkinson’s disease.- Imaging Studies with A2A Receptor Antagonists.- Caffeine and neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.- The story of istradefylline – the first approved A2A antagonistfor the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.- Adenosinergic Receptor Antagonists: Clinical Experience in Parkinson's Disease.- Adenosinergic regulation of sleep-wake behavior in the basal ganglia.

Micaela Morelli is a Professor of Pharmacology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cagliari. She also belongs to the Institute of Neuroscience at the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), the Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence at the University of Cagliari and is a member of the PhD school in Neuroscience at the University of Cagliari. Professor Morelli served in the Governing Councils of the Italian Neuroscience Society (SINS) and the International Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS). Since 2005, she has been the Italian representative in the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), and since 2010 she has been a member of the IBRO WERC/PERC Governing Council. Her main subjects of investigation focus on the mechanism of action of drugs affecting dopaminergic and adenosinergic transmission and their interaction in rodent models of Parkinson's disease.Dr. Nicola Simola holds a M.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and a Ph. D in Pharmacology of Drug Dependence and he is currently Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Cagliari. Dr. Simola’s research involves the study and development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, focusing on adenosine receptor antagonists, the development of new preclinical models of early-stage Parkinson’s disease and the study of the interactions between caffeine and other recreational psychostimulants. Moreover, a recent field of Dr Simola’s research focuses on the study of ultrasonic vocalizations in rats as a tool for the study of the addictive properties of drugs.Jadwiga Wardas Ph.D., graduated from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland with an MSc in biology. In 1988 she was granted a fellowship from the National Academy of Sciences, USA. She holds a Ph.D. in Life Sciences from the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IPh PAN). She served asAssociate Professor at the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, IPh PAN in 2004. She has been awarded numerous competitive research grants by the State Committee for Scientific Research and National Science Centre. Her scientific interests focus on the pathophysiology and therapy of Parkinson’s disease and development of animal models of both presymptomatic and symptomatic phase of this disease. For many years she has studied the involvement of adenosine and dopamine receptors in anti parkinsonian and neuroprotective effects. Her work was awarded twice by the Polish Academy of Sciences and she received the Silver Cross of Merit (2004). She is a member of Polish Neuroscience Society and European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

“This is an excellent text on the role of adenosine & its metabolites in parkinson’s disease, cerebral ischemia. … The book will benefit neurologists, pharmacologists, researchers, and biochemists with inical interests.” (Joseph J. Grenier, Amazon.com, January, 2017)“The authors have gathered updated and high-quality chapters from world-leading experts in the field to provide essential information on the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. … The audience is neuroscientists who work at either the preclinical and/or clinical phases of understanding the underlying mechanisms and novel molecular targets related to the cause and treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.” (Thomas L. Pazdernik, Doody’s Book Reviews, December, 2015)

• Adenosine A2A receptors: localization and function.- Allosteric Mechanisms in the adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromer.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in drug development.- Adenosine A2A Receptors and Neurotrophic Factors: Relevance for Parkinson's Disease.- Role of adenosine A2A receptors in the control of neuroinflammation – relevance for Parkinson’s disease.- Purines in Parkinson's: Adenosine A2A receptors and urate as targets for neuroprotection.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists as drugs for symptomatic control of Parkinson’s disease in preclinical studies.- Dopamine/adenosine interactions related to tremor in animal models of Parkinsonism.- Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in L-DOPA-induced motor fluctuations.- Adenosine A2A receptor-mediated control of non-motor functions in Parkinson’s disease.- Imaging Studies with A2A Receptor Antagonists.- Caffeine and neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.- The story of istradefylline – the first approved A2A antagonistfor the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.- Adenosinergic Receptor Antagonists: Clinical Experience in Parkinson's Disease.- Adenosinergic regulation of sleep-wake behavior in the basal ganglia.