Geophysical mass flows, such as landslides, avalanches or debris flows, are frequent mass movement processes in mountain areas and often cause disastrous damage.
Topography-fitted coordinate system.- An alternative of topography-fitted coordinates — unified coordinate system.- Entrainment and deposition at the basal surface.- Continuum mechanical models in a topography-fitted coordinate system.- Numerical examples and experimental validation.- Back-calculation of natural disaster events.