Maria-Magdalena Titirici is Chair of Sustainable Energy Materials, Imperial College London, UK, and a Chair in Emerging Sustainable Technologies with the Royal Academy of Engineering.Philipp Adelhelm is Professor for Physical Chemistry at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany, and heads a joint research group on operando battery analysis at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany. Yong-Sheng Hu is Full Professor and Director of Key Laboratory for Rene-wable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Founder of HiNa Battery, China.

• Volume 1Preface xiiiPart I Anodes 11 Graphite as an Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries 3Gustav Avall, Mustafa Goktas, and Philipp Adelhelm2 Hard Carbon Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries 27Fei Xie, Zhen Xu, Zhenyu Guo, Yuqi Li, Yaxiang Lu, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, and Yong-Sheng Hu3 Alloy Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 61Yan Yu, Xianhong Rui, and Xianghua ZhangPart II Cathodes 934 Sodium Layered Oxide Cathode Materials 95A. Robert Armstrong, Stephanie F. Linnell, Philip A. Maughan, Begoña Silván, and Nuria Tapia-Ruiz5 Phosphate-Based Polyanionic Sodium-Ion Electrode Materials 129G. M. Nolis, M. Casas-Cabanas, and M. Galceran6 Prussian Blue Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 167Sai Gourang Patnaik and Philipp AdelhelmPart III Advanced Characterization of Na-Ion Battery Electrodes 1897 Understanding Na-Ion Batteries on the Atomic Scale Through Operando X-ray and Neutron Scattering 191Christian Kolle Christensen and Dorthe Bomholdt Ravnsbæk8 NMR Investigations of Sodium-Ion Batteries 215Christopher A. O’Keefe and Clare P. Grey9 Computational Studies on Na-Ion Electrode Materials 259Emilia Olsson and Qiong Cai10 Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Sodium-Ion Batteries 301Phoebe K. Allan and Joshua M. StratfordVolume 2Preface xiiiPart IV Electrolytes 33311 Ester- and Ether-Based Electrolytes for Na-Ion Batteries 335Yuqi Li, Lin Zhou, Fei Xie, Yu Li, Zhao Chen, Yaxiang Lu, and Yong-Sheng Hu12 Ionic Liquid and Polymer-Based Electrolytes for Sodium Battery Applications 357Maria Forsyth, Faezeh Makhlooghiazad, Fangfang Chen, Ju Sun, and Patrick C. Howlett13 Sodium-ion-conducting Oxides Used as Solid Electrolytes in Sodium Batteries -- Learning from the Past 391F. Tietz14 Polymers in Sodium-Ion Batteries 429Heather Au and Maria Crespo-RibadeneyraPart V Safety and Other Practical Aspects 50115 Sodium-Ion Batteries: Aging, Degradation, Failure Mechanisms and Safety 503Julia Weaving, James Robinson, Daniela Ledwoch, Guanjie He, Emma Kendrick, Paul Shearing, and Daniel Brett16 Practical Application of Room Temperature Na-Ion Batteries 531Kun Tang and Yu Ren17 On the Environmental Competitiveness of Sodium-Ion Batteries -- Current State of the Art in Life Cycle Assessment 551Jens Peters, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil, and Stefano PasseriniPart VI Other Na Based Technologies 57318 High-Power Sodium-Ion Batteries and Sodium-Ion Capacitors 575Binson Babu and Andrea Balducci19 Rechargeable Seawater Batteries 603Wang-geun Lee and Youngsik Kim20 Sodium Solid-state Batteries 641Edouard Quérel and Ainara AguaderoIndex 705

Maria-Magdalena Titirici is Chair of Sustainable Energy Materials, Imperial College London, UK, and a Chair in Emerging Sustainable Technologies with the Royal Academy of Engineering.Philipp Adelhelm is Professor for Physical Chemistry at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany, and heads a joint research group on operando battery analysis at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany. Yong-Sheng Hu is Full Professor and Director of Key Laboratory for Rene-wable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Founder of HiNa Battery, China.

• Volume 1Preface xiiiPart I Anodes 11 Graphite as an Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries 3Gustav Avall, Mustafa Goktas, and Philipp Adelhelm2 Hard Carbon Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries 27Fei Xie, Zhen Xu, Zhenyu Guo, Yuqi Li, Yaxiang Lu, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, and Yong-Sheng Hu3 Alloy Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 61Yan Yu, Xianhong Rui, and Xianghua ZhangPart II Cathodes 934 Sodium Layered Oxide Cathode Materials 95A. Robert Armstrong, Stephanie F. Linnell, Philip A. Maughan, Begoña Silván, and Nuria Tapia-Ruiz5 Phosphate-Based Polyanionic Sodium-Ion Electrode Materials 129G. M. Nolis, M. Casas-Cabanas, and M. Galceran6 Prussian Blue Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 167Sai Gourang Patnaik and Philipp AdelhelmPart III Advanced Characterization of Na-Ion Battery Electrodes 1897 Understanding Na-Ion Batteries on the Atomic Scale Through Operando X-ray and Neutron Scattering 191Christian Kolle Christensen and Dorthe Bomholdt Ravnsbæk8 NMR Investigations of Sodium-Ion Batteries 215Christopher A. O’Keefe and Clare P. Grey9 Computational Studies on Na-Ion Electrode Materials 259Emilia Olsson and Qiong Cai10 Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Sodium-Ion Batteries 301Phoebe K. Allan and Joshua M. StratfordVolume 2Preface xiiiPart IV Electrolytes 33311 Ester- and Ether-Based Electrolytes for Na-Ion Batteries 335Yuqi Li, Lin Zhou, Fei Xie, Yu Li, Zhao Chen, Yaxiang Lu, and Yong-Sheng Hu12 Ionic Liquid and Polymer-Based Electrolytes for Sodium Battery Applications 357Maria Forsyth, Faezeh Makhlooghiazad, Fangfang Chen, Ju Sun, and Patrick C. Howlett13 Sodium-ion-conducting Oxides Used as Solid Electrolytes in Sodium Batteries -- Learning from the Past 391F. Tietz14 Polymers in Sodium-Ion Batteries 429Heather Au and Maria Crespo-RibadeneyraPart V Safety and Other Practical Aspects 50115 Sodium-Ion Batteries: Aging, Degradation, Failure Mechanisms and Safety 503Julia Weaving, James Robinson, Daniela Ledwoch, Guanjie He, Emma Kendrick, Paul Shearing, and Daniel Brett16 Practical Application of Room Temperature Na-Ion Batteries 531Kun Tang and Yu Ren17 On the Environmental Competitiveness of Sodium-Ion Batteries -- Current State of the Art in Life Cycle Assessment 551Jens Peters, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil, and Stefano PasseriniPart VI Other Na Based Technologies 57318 High-Power Sodium-Ion Batteries and Sodium-Ion Capacitors 575Binson Babu and Andrea Balducci19 Rechargeable Seawater Batteries 603Wang-geun Lee and Youngsik Kim20 Sodium Solid-state Batteries 641Edouard Quérel and Ainara AguaderoIndex 705

Maria-Magdalena Titirici is Chair of Sustainable Energy Materials, Imperial College London, UK, and a Chair in Emerging Sustainable Technologies with the Royal Academy of Engineering.Philipp Adelhelm is Professor for Physical Chemistry at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany, and heads a joint research group on operando battery analysis at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Germany. Yong-Sheng Hu is Full Professor and Director of Key Laboratory for Rene-wable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Founder of HiNa Battery, China.

• Volume 1Preface xiiiPart I Anodes 11 Graphite as an Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Batteries 3Gustav Avall, Mustafa Goktas, and Philipp Adelhelm2 Hard Carbon Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries 27Fei Xie, Zhen Xu, Zhenyu Guo, Yuqi Li, Yaxiang Lu, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, and Yong-Sheng Hu3 Alloy Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 61Yan Yu, Xianhong Rui, and Xianghua ZhangPart II Cathodes 934 Sodium Layered Oxide Cathode Materials 95A. Robert Armstrong, Stephanie F. Linnell, Philip A. Maughan, Begoña Silván, and Nuria Tapia-Ruiz5 Phosphate-Based Polyanionic Sodium-Ion Electrode Materials 129G. M. Nolis, M. Casas-Cabanas, and M. Galceran6 Prussian Blue Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 167Sai Gourang Patnaik and Philipp AdelhelmPart III Advanced Characterization of Na-Ion Battery Electrodes 1897 Understanding Na-Ion Batteries on the Atomic Scale Through Operando X-ray and Neutron Scattering 191Christian Kolle Christensen and Dorthe Bomholdt Ravnsbæk8 NMR Investigations of Sodium-Ion Batteries 215Christopher A. O’Keefe and Clare P. Grey9 Computational Studies on Na-Ion Electrode Materials 259Emilia Olsson and Qiong Cai10 Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Sodium-Ion Batteries 301Phoebe K. Allan and Joshua M. StratfordVolume 2Preface xiiiPart IV Electrolytes 33311 Ester- and Ether-Based Electrolytes for Na-Ion Batteries 335Yuqi Li, Lin Zhou, Fei Xie, Yu Li, Zhao Chen, Yaxiang Lu, and Yong-Sheng Hu12 Ionic Liquid and Polymer-Based Electrolytes for Sodium Battery Applications 357Maria Forsyth, Faezeh Makhlooghiazad, Fangfang Chen, Ju Sun, and Patrick C. Howlett13 Sodium-ion-conducting Oxides Used as Solid Electrolytes in Sodium Batteries -- Learning from the Past 391F. Tietz14 Polymers in Sodium-Ion Batteries 429Heather Au and Maria Crespo-RibadeneyraPart V Safety and Other Practical Aspects 50115 Sodium-Ion Batteries: Aging, Degradation, Failure Mechanisms and Safety 503Julia Weaving, James Robinson, Daniela Ledwoch, Guanjie He, Emma Kendrick, Paul Shearing, and Daniel Brett16 Practical Application of Room Temperature Na-Ion Batteries 531Kun Tang and Yu Ren17 On the Environmental Competitiveness of Sodium-Ion Batteries -- Current State of the Art in Life Cycle Assessment 551Jens Peters, Manuel Baumann, Marcel Weil, and Stefano PasseriniPart VI Other Na Based Technologies 57318 High-Power Sodium-Ion Batteries and Sodium-Ion Capacitors 575Binson Babu and Andrea Balducci19 Rechargeable Seawater Batteries 603Wang-geun Lee and Youngsik Kim20 Sodium Solid-state Batteries 641Edouard Quérel and Ainara AguaderoIndex 705