Yang Xu is a full professor and Assistant Dean at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. He is an IEEE NTC Distinguished Lecturer and Senior Member of the IEEE Electron Devices Society. His current research interests include emerging low-dimensional smart sensors, photodetectors, and actuators for internet-of-things and flexible electronics. Khurram Shehzad served as a Research Associate Professor at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Ali Imran is perusing his research at School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Bin Yu is a full professor at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. His current research interests include nanoelectronics, sensors, and neuromorphic devices.

• CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONICS1.1 Introduction1.2 Optical Absorption1.3 Emergence of Graphene in Silicon Optoelectronics1.4 Photodetection in Graphene1.4.1 Performance Metrics1.4.2 Photovoltaic Effect1.4.3 Photoemission in Graphene Schottky Junctions1.4.4 Thermionic Emission in Graphene Based Interfaces1.4.5 Hot Electron Based Photodetection1.4.6 Infrared Modulators1.4.7 Photovoltaic Devices1.5 Challenges and Perspectives1.6 References CHAPTER 2. GROWTH AND TRANSFER OF GRAPHENE2.1 Introduction2.2 Crystal Structure and Bonding2.3 Growth of Graphene2.4 Growth Dynamics and Choice of Substrate2.4.1 Growth on Metallic Substrates2.4.2 Direct Growth on Dielectric Substrates2.4.3 Direct Growth on Semiconductor Substrates2.4.4 CMOS Compatible Growth of Thin Films Over Graphene2.5 Growth at Industrial Scale.2.6 Growth of Macro Assembled Graphene2.7 Inkjet Printing of Graphene2.8 Graphene Transfer Methods2.9 Graphene/Silicon Contact Fabrication2.10 Graphene Transfer on Flexible Substrate2.11 Challenges and Perspectives2.12 References CHAPTER 3. PHYSICS OF GRAPHENE/SILICON JUNCTIONS3.1 Introduction3.2 Physics of Schottky Junction3.3 Measurement of Schottky Barrier Height3.3.1 Capacitance Voltage Measurement3.3.2 Current Voltage Measurement3.3.3 Photoelectric Measurement3.3.4 Thermionic Emission Measurements.3.4 2D Materials and Schottky Junctions3.5 Graphene and Conventional Semiconductor Junctions.3.6 Challenges and Perspectives3.7 References CHAPTER 4. GRAPHENE/SILICON JUNCTION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE PHOTODETECTORS4.1 Introduction4.2 Ultraviolet Photodetectors4.3 Visible to Near Infrared Photodetectors.4.4 Broadband Photodetectors4.4.1 Nanostructured Materials for Photodetection4.4.2 Applications of Nanomaterials for Graphene Silicon Integrated Photodetectors4.5 Challenges and Perspectives4.6 References CHAPTER 5. GRAPHENE/SILICON SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES5.1 Introduction5.2 Emergence of Graphene Silicon in Photovoltaics5.3 Photovoltaic Mechanism in Graphene Silicon Solar Cells5.4 Performance Parameters for Solar Cells5.5 Theoretical Efficiency Limits of Graphene Silicon Solar Cells5.6 Optimization of Graphene/Silicon Solar Cells5.6.1 Doping of Graphene5.6.2 Light Trapping in Silicon5.6.3 Antireflection Coating5.6.4 Interface Engineering5.6.5 Surface Passivation5.7 Challenges and Perspectives5.8 References CHAPTER 6. GRAPHENE SILICON INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE DEVICES6.1 Introduction6.2 Hybrid Waveguide Photodetector6.3 Hybrid Waveguide Modulator6.3.1 Electro Optical Modulator.6.3.2 Thermo Optic Modulator6.4 Challenges and Perspectives6.5 References CHAPTER 7. GRAPHENE FOR SILICON IMAGE SENSOR7.1 Introduction7.2 Quantum Dot based Infrared Graphene Image Sensor7.3 Graphene Thermopile Image Sensor7.4 Graphene THz Image Sensor7.5 Curved Image Sensor Array7.6 Neural Network Image Sensors7.7 Graphene Charge Coupled Device Image Sensor7.8 Graphene Based Position Sensitive Detector7.9 Challenges and Perspectives7.10 References CHAPTER 8. SYSTEM INTEGRATION WITH GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONICS8.1 Introduction8.2 Graphene Silicon Flip Chips8.3 Graphene Silicon Heterogeneous Integration8.4 Graphene Silicon Monolithic Integration for Optoelectronics Applications8.5 Challenges and Perspectives8.6 References CHAPTER 9. GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONIC SYNAPTIC DEVICES9.1. Introduction9.2. Silicon Neurons9.3. Synaptic devices9.4. Silicon Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices9.5. ORAM Synaptic Devices9.6. Graphene for Silicon Synaptic Devices9.7. Synaptic Phototransistor9.8. Mechano-photonic Synaptic Transistor9.9. Challenges and Perspectives CHAPTER 10 FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGESReference

Yang Xu is a full professor and Assistant Dean at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. He is an IEEE NTC Distinguished Lecturer and Senior Member of the IEEE Electron Devices Society. His current research interests include emerging low-dimensional smart sensors, photodetectors, and actuators for internet-of-things and flexible electronics. Khurram Shehzad served as a Research Associate Professor at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Ali Imran is perusing his research at School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Bin Yu is a full professor at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. His current research interests include nanoelectronics, sensors, and neuromorphic devices.

• CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONICS1.1 Introduction1.2 Optical Absorption1.3 Emergence of Graphene in Silicon Optoelectronics1.4 Photodetection in Graphene1.4.1 Performance Metrics1.4.2 Photovoltaic Effect1.4.3 Photoemission in Graphene Schottky Junctions1.4.4 Thermionic Emission in Graphene Based Interfaces1.4.5 Hot Electron Based Photodetection1.4.6 Infrared Modulators1.4.7 Photovoltaic Devices1.5 Challenges and Perspectives1.6 References CHAPTER 2. GROWTH AND TRANSFER OF GRAPHENE2.1 Introduction2.2 Crystal Structure and Bonding2.3 Growth of Graphene2.4 Growth Dynamics and Choice of Substrate2.4.1 Growth on Metallic Substrates2.4.2 Direct Growth on Dielectric Substrates2.4.3 Direct Growth on Semiconductor Substrates2.4.4 CMOS Compatible Growth of Thin Films Over Graphene2.5 Growth at Industrial Scale.2.6 Growth of Macro Assembled Graphene2.7 Inkjet Printing of Graphene2.8 Graphene Transfer Methods2.9 Graphene/Silicon Contact Fabrication2.10 Graphene Transfer on Flexible Substrate2.11 Challenges and Perspectives2.12 References CHAPTER 3. PHYSICS OF GRAPHENE/SILICON JUNCTIONS3.1 Introduction3.2 Physics of Schottky Junction3.3 Measurement of Schottky Barrier Height3.3.1 Capacitance Voltage Measurement3.3.2 Current Voltage Measurement3.3.3 Photoelectric Measurement3.3.4 Thermionic Emission Measurements.3.4 2D Materials and Schottky Junctions3.5 Graphene and Conventional Semiconductor Junctions.3.6 Challenges and Perspectives3.7 References CHAPTER 4. GRAPHENE/SILICON JUNCTION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE PHOTODETECTORS4.1 Introduction4.2 Ultraviolet Photodetectors4.3 Visible to Near Infrared Photodetectors.4.4 Broadband Photodetectors4.4.1 Nanostructured Materials for Photodetection4.4.2 Applications of Nanomaterials for Graphene Silicon Integrated Photodetectors4.5 Challenges and Perspectives4.6 References CHAPTER 5. GRAPHENE/SILICON SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES5.1 Introduction5.2 Emergence of Graphene Silicon in Photovoltaics5.3 Photovoltaic Mechanism in Graphene Silicon Solar Cells5.4 Performance Parameters for Solar Cells5.5 Theoretical Efficiency Limits of Graphene Silicon Solar Cells5.6 Optimization of Graphene/Silicon Solar Cells5.6.1 Doping of Graphene5.6.2 Light Trapping in Silicon5.6.3 Antireflection Coating5.6.4 Interface Engineering5.6.5 Surface Passivation5.7 Challenges and Perspectives5.8 References CHAPTER 6. GRAPHENE SILICON INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE DEVICES6.1 Introduction6.2 Hybrid Waveguide Photodetector6.3 Hybrid Waveguide Modulator6.3.1 Electro Optical Modulator.6.3.2 Thermo Optic Modulator6.4 Challenges and Perspectives6.5 References CHAPTER 7. GRAPHENE FOR SILICON IMAGE SENSOR7.1 Introduction7.2 Quantum Dot based Infrared Graphene Image Sensor7.3 Graphene Thermopile Image Sensor7.4 Graphene THz Image Sensor7.5 Curved Image Sensor Array7.6 Neural Network Image Sensors7.7 Graphene Charge Coupled Device Image Sensor7.8 Graphene Based Position Sensitive Detector7.9 Challenges and Perspectives7.10 References CHAPTER 8. SYSTEM INTEGRATION WITH GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONICS8.1 Introduction8.2 Graphene Silicon Flip Chips8.3 Graphene Silicon Heterogeneous Integration8.4 Graphene Silicon Monolithic Integration for Optoelectronics Applications8.5 Challenges and Perspectives8.6 References CHAPTER 9. GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONIC SYNAPTIC DEVICES9.1. Introduction9.2. Silicon Neurons9.3. Synaptic devices9.4. Silicon Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices9.5. ORAM Synaptic Devices9.6. Graphene for Silicon Synaptic Devices9.7. Synaptic Phototransistor9.8. Mechano-photonic Synaptic Transistor9.9. Challenges and Perspectives CHAPTER 10 FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGESReference

Yang Xu is a full professor and Assistant Dean at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. He is an IEEE NTC Distinguished Lecturer and Senior Member of the IEEE Electron Devices Society. His current research interests include emerging low-dimensional smart sensors, photodetectors, and actuators for internet-of-things and flexible electronics. Khurram Shehzad served as a Research Associate Professor at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Ali Imran is perusing his research at School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. Bin Yu is a full professor at the School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, China. His current research interests include nanoelectronics, sensors, and neuromorphic devices.

• CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONICS1.1 Introduction1.2 Optical Absorption1.3 Emergence of Graphene in Silicon Optoelectronics1.4 Photodetection in Graphene1.4.1 Performance Metrics1.4.2 Photovoltaic Effect1.4.3 Photoemission in Graphene Schottky Junctions1.4.4 Thermionic Emission in Graphene Based Interfaces1.4.5 Hot Electron Based Photodetection1.4.6 Infrared Modulators1.4.7 Photovoltaic Devices1.5 Challenges and Perspectives1.6 References CHAPTER 2. GROWTH AND TRANSFER OF GRAPHENE2.1 Introduction2.2 Crystal Structure and Bonding2.3 Growth of Graphene2.4 Growth Dynamics and Choice of Substrate2.4.1 Growth on Metallic Substrates2.4.2 Direct Growth on Dielectric Substrates2.4.3 Direct Growth on Semiconductor Substrates2.4.4 CMOS Compatible Growth of Thin Films Over Graphene2.5 Growth at Industrial Scale.2.6 Growth of Macro Assembled Graphene2.7 Inkjet Printing of Graphene2.8 Graphene Transfer Methods2.9 Graphene/Silicon Contact Fabrication2.10 Graphene Transfer on Flexible Substrate2.11 Challenges and Perspectives2.12 References CHAPTER 3. PHYSICS OF GRAPHENE/SILICON JUNCTIONS3.1 Introduction3.2 Physics of Schottky Junction3.3 Measurement of Schottky Barrier Height3.3.1 Capacitance Voltage Measurement3.3.2 Current Voltage Measurement3.3.3 Photoelectric Measurement3.3.4 Thermionic Emission Measurements.3.4 2D Materials and Schottky Junctions3.5 Graphene and Conventional Semiconductor Junctions.3.6 Challenges and Perspectives3.7 References CHAPTER 4. GRAPHENE/SILICON JUNCTION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE PHOTODETECTORS4.1 Introduction4.2 Ultraviolet Photodetectors4.3 Visible to Near Infrared Photodetectors.4.4 Broadband Photodetectors4.4.1 Nanostructured Materials for Photodetection4.4.2 Applications of Nanomaterials for Graphene Silicon Integrated Photodetectors4.5 Challenges and Perspectives4.6 References CHAPTER 5. GRAPHENE/SILICON SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES5.1 Introduction5.2 Emergence of Graphene Silicon in Photovoltaics5.3 Photovoltaic Mechanism in Graphene Silicon Solar Cells5.4 Performance Parameters for Solar Cells5.5 Theoretical Efficiency Limits of Graphene Silicon Solar Cells5.6 Optimization of Graphene/Silicon Solar Cells5.6.1 Doping of Graphene5.6.2 Light Trapping in Silicon5.6.3 Antireflection Coating5.6.4 Interface Engineering5.6.5 Surface Passivation5.7 Challenges and Perspectives5.8 References CHAPTER 6. GRAPHENE SILICON INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE DEVICES6.1 Introduction6.2 Hybrid Waveguide Photodetector6.3 Hybrid Waveguide Modulator6.3.1 Electro Optical Modulator.6.3.2 Thermo Optic Modulator6.4 Challenges and Perspectives6.5 References CHAPTER 7. GRAPHENE FOR SILICON IMAGE SENSOR7.1 Introduction7.2 Quantum Dot based Infrared Graphene Image Sensor7.3 Graphene Thermopile Image Sensor7.4 Graphene THz Image Sensor7.5 Curved Image Sensor Array7.6 Neural Network Image Sensors7.7 Graphene Charge Coupled Device Image Sensor7.8 Graphene Based Position Sensitive Detector7.9 Challenges and Perspectives7.10 References CHAPTER 8. SYSTEM INTEGRATION WITH GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONICS8.1 Introduction8.2 Graphene Silicon Flip Chips8.3 Graphene Silicon Heterogeneous Integration8.4 Graphene Silicon Monolithic Integration for Optoelectronics Applications8.5 Challenges and Perspectives8.6 References CHAPTER 9. GRAPHENE FOR SILICON OPTOELECTRONIC SYNAPTIC DEVICES9.1. Introduction9.2. Silicon Neurons9.3. Synaptic devices9.4. Silicon Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices9.5. ORAM Synaptic Devices9.6. Graphene for Silicon Synaptic Devices9.7. Synaptic Phototransistor9.8. Mechano-photonic Synaptic Transistor9.9. Challenges and Perspectives CHAPTER 10 FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGESReference